Eleanor Roosevelt Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

Although she won more than respect as the first lady Eleanor Roosevelt gained a lot of her inter study think up as a civil rights activist long to begin with that. Eleanors interest in authorities did not begin when her husband began his career in politics. Once he was named to the Democratic ticket, as Vice President Eleanor became interested in politics. While Franklin was becoming governor of New York she was campaigning for him unknowing that she was forward her political career as well. Once Eleanor became first lady it was already done she had made a name for herself politically. Eleanors background in politics goes back to her Uncle Teddy who was once the President of the U.S. Eleanor married a young amiable Harvard student by the name of Franklin Roosevelt. solely soon Franklin became bored with condescension Law and Eleanor pushed him to go into politics. Aided by a Democratic landslide and his moms money he won State Senator from the Hyde Park District. But Eleanor hat ed Albany and was soon very happy to leave. Franklin liked his newfound success in politics and his career prospered swiftly. He soon became an early partisan of Woodrow Wilson as he ran for president, for his efforts he was awarded the job of Assistant Secretary of the Navy, the same job that propelled Eleanors Uncle Teddy to presidency. Eleanor liked Washington ab turn up as much as she liked Albany and spent little time there. In the years after that Franklin contacted polio and it was now up to Eleanor to keep his name before the man. Aided by Louis Howe she went on a mission to salvage her husbands career. Louis went to meetings that she spoke at and though it took much criticism he managed to total rid of her nervous giggle. Soon Eleanor gained confidence and accepted offers to write in magazines and appear on radio talk shows. She had joined many groups including the Womens wad Union League and was also the chair of the Finance Committee of the Womens Division of the Demo cratic State Committee. She was fast becoming a prominent public figure, much to her amazement.In 1928 at the Democratic National Convention Governor Al Smith asked Eleanor to run the entire national Womens activities in his national campaign for president. Smith soon requested more as he asked Fra... .... (UDHR50)Clearly Eleanor Roosevelt had a well-known political career without the fame her husband gained. When her husband started out in politics she disliked it but the more she was exposed she soon realized her role was to be useful and politics was the key to this. Her husband Franklin precept her as a great asset to his career and she also made a name for herself that lived on after he died. Works Cited Eleanor Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt Letter, March, 1996, National memoir and Records Administration, 21 November 2000, Eleanor on Human Rights, Eleanor Roosevelt Biography, August, 05 1998, National Coordinating Committee for UDHR50, 18 November 2000, Roosevelt, Eleanor, T his I Remember, ed., New York, Harper, 1949.Weinstein, Allen, and Frank Otto Gattell, Freedom and Crisis An American History, 3rd ed., New York, Random, 1981.

Essay --

Introduction X-ray tubes are a critical aspect of altogether x-ray imaging systems and the central site of x-ray production. They are a part of the imaging system that radiologic technologists do not interact with, as it is dictated in preservative housing and out of reach. Despite the tubes location, it is a radiographers responsibility to understand its construction and operation. While not tout ensemble x-ray tubes are the same, there are critical parts that all tubes must contain in order to create x-rays, such as the cathode an anode. both the cathode and anode are considered electrodes, or conductors through with(predicate) which electricity enters or exits an object. X-ray tubes contain two electrodes and can be further classified as diodes. Diodes are semiconductor devices with two terminals that allow for the flow of current in only one direction. In the x-ray tube this flow is directed from cathode to anode. The purpose of this paper is to take in the different par ts that make up an x-ray tube, both internally & externally, and briefly describe the role that each part of the tube plays in the in the process of x-ray production.Literature ReviewX-ray tube structure can be divided into the external components, and internal components. The external components consist of the protective housing, an envelope and insulating oil. The internal components include the negatively charged cathode, and positively charged anode. External componentsThe components necessary for the production of x-ray are housed in a grump or metal envelope. The envelopes primary purpose is to provide a vacuum for the x-ray tube, allowing the improved flow of electrons from cathode to anode. The envelope also provides insulant from heat and electricity given off. Dielec... ...production, while the angle of the anode interacts with x-ray photons. An anodes angle affects both the effective focal spot size as hygienic as the intensity of the x-ray beam that exits the tube. X-ray tubes containing rotating anodes possess an assembly of induction-motor electromagnets known as the stator and rotor, mechanisms necessary to turn the target. The stator is the only division of the cathode that is located outside of the tube envelope. It is made up of electromagnets that surround the neck of the x-ray tube. The rotor is a positively charged hollow copper piston chamber attached to the anode by a molybdenum shaft. It is located within the stator and inside of the tube envelope. The rotor rotates at high speeds due to the current that runs through each stator, which induces a magnetic field that surrounds the rotor and interacts with the ferromagnetic copper.

Ma Joad as Leader in The Grapes of Wrath :: Grapes Wrath essays

In a crisis, a persons true colors emerge. The weak are uninvolvedfrom the strong and the leaders are separated from the followers. In JohnSteinbecks novel The Grapes of Wrath, the Joad family, forced from theirhome in Oklahoma, stage to California in search of naturalise and prosperity onlyto find poverty and despair. As a result of a crisis, Ma Joad emerges as acontrolled, forceful, and selfless authority figure for the family. Ma Joad exhibits exelent self-control during the sufferings andfrustrations of the Joads journey. Ma knows that she is the backbone ofthe family, and that they will survive only if she remains calm. Ma keepsher self-control when Ruthie tells some children about Toms secret. Thefamily becomes nervous and enraged over the situation, notwithstanding Ma restoresorder by handling the situation in a calm and collected manner. If Ma wereto ever show fear, the family would most likely collapse. For, old Tomand the children could not know hurt or fear unless she acknowledged hurtor fear. Thus, if Ma acts as if everything is all right, then the familywill drive everything is all right. Most members of the family openlyexpress their doubts or fears. Ma may be just as frightened as the rest ofthe family, but she constantly maintains a front for the rest of the family.When Ma had fears, She had practiced denying them in herself. Thisextraordinary self-control helps to keep the Joad unit together and alive. Ma, like all leaders, must be forceful for things to work in herfavor. Numerous situations occur in which Ma must be forceful orrelinquish her role as the head of the family. Her forceful leadershipoccurs once when the family, without Mas consent, agrees to leave Tom andCasey behind to fix the Wilsons car. Ma feels this will break up thefamily and uses a jack handle to promote her point. It is at this point Mareplaces Pa as the official head of the family. Mas forceful leadershipalso surfaces when she threa tens a police officer with a fry pan andwhen she decides for the family to leave the government camp. In bothsituations Ma must use force to achieve her objectives in both situations,she emerges victorious. Eventually, Pa becomes angered because of his spillageof power to a woman and says in frustration, Seems like times is changed.

Fight for Freedom in Toni Morrisons The Song of Solomon :: Song of Solomon Essays

Fight for Freedom in Toni Morrisons The Song of SolomonThe scream that boomed down the cave tunnel and woke the bats came just when macon thought that he had interpreted his last living breath. The bleeding man turned toward the direction of the scream and looked at the colored girl long enough for Macon to pull proscribed his knife and bring it down the old mans back. He crashed forward, then turned his head to look at them. His mouth moved and he mumbles something that sounds like What for? Macon stabbed him again and again until he stopped moving his mouth, stop trying to talk and stopped jumping and twitching on the ground (pg. 171). This is an excerpt for the leg demolition The Song of Solomon (1987), by Toni Morrison. Macon one of the main characters, only a child at the time, kills a man whom he thinks is threatening him and his sisters, Pilate, life. After violent death the man the twain children travel to the mans camp where they discover three bags of gold. Macon also sees, the dusty boots of his farther (pg 170). Becoming alarmed, Pilate says, It is Papa. To her cry a fathom whispers sing, sing. Macon greedily packs up the gold while Pilate searchers frantically for their farther. After a terrible fight the two separate. Ironically years later they end up living in the same small Michigan town. Macon and Pilate hate and their family secret all the while still grows in differnt directions. Macon moves on with his life and marries Ruth. The couple have three children, Lean, First Corinthians, and Macon who receives the nickname of Milkman.Milkman being interested in Pilate granddaughter, spends a great deal of his childhood at Pilates house--despite his fathers disapproval. After living at home for the past thirty years Milkman becomes swamped with his family secret. His farther claims that Pilate stole the gold from the man his killed camp sight. And Pilate claims the bag of her inheritance only to be bones. Becoming frustrated, Milkman sets ou t to find the truth of his family fude. Toni Morrisons mystery novel keeps the readers curiosity,as she write her storyline about the lifestyle of a black society in the 1980s. within this black society, the people are pursuing their freedom. Toni theme of her novel is freedom, and each character can only obtain their freedom by one of two paths.

BaBar Experiment :: Chemistry Science Scientific Essays

BaBar ExperimentAbstract I investigated the L = 1 mesons D*2(2460)0 and D1(2420)0 using data gathered by the BaBar demodulator at Pep-II. The decay process of these particles is interesting because it could serve to confirm or deny certain predictions make by HQET models. Thus far, the data gathered rougly conforms with measurements made by the CLEO and ARGUS collaborations. The data is still preliminary, however, and as such this paper should be considered merely a summary of the work done thus far. 1 Introduction1.1 The BaBar experimentThe BaBar sensing element at Pep-II was designed to study B mesons produced in asymmetric e+e- collisions. Asymmetric refers to the fact that the colliding electrons and positrons have different energies. This gives the resulting particles pulsation in the laboratory reference frame, allowing their lifetimes to be measured even if they carry away most of the collision energy. In the current run at Pep-II, electrons are stored in one ring at 9 GeV and positrons in the other at 3.1 GeV. This sets the collision energy right at the T(4S) resonance, a short-lived conclave of a bottom quark and its antiquark. This decays preferentially into a pair of mesons B and Bhence the name of the detector.Mesons are short-lived systems made up of a quark and an anti-quark Bs are mesons in which one quark is a bottom (or an anti-bottom) and the other is a light quark (up, down, strange, or their corresponding antiquarks). The BaBar detector is optimized to measure the decay process of these Bs as precisely as possible. It is hoped that differences between the B and the B decay processes will be uncovered and measured, which will lease to a better understanding of CP symmetry violation.CP violation describes an event that breaks the so-called Charge Parity symmetry. For a time, it was believed that if matter and antimatter were interchanged (hence, Charge) and if right and left were reversed (Parity), systems would stand in an identica l manner. This symmetry has since been found to be broken in certain kaon decays, and it is suspected that further violations will be discovered in B decays. Note that if time is reversed as well as charge and parity, then the system will behave in an indentical manner this is know as CPT symmetry, and is required for Lorentz transformations. It is hoped that learning more about events that violate the broken CP symmetry will shed some light on the relative scarceness of antimatter in the universe.

BaBar Experiment :: Chemistry Science Scientific Essays

BaBar ExperimentAbstract I investigated the L = 1 mesons D*2(2460)0 and D1(2420)0 using data gathered by the BaBar detector at Pep-II. The declivity process of these particles is interesting because it could serve to confirm or deny certain predictions made by HQET models. Thus far, the data gathered rougly conforms with measurements made by the CLEO and argus collaborations. The data is still preliminary, however, and as such this paper should be considered merely a summary of the work d sensation thus far. 1 Introduction1.1 The BaBar tryThe BaBar detector at Pep-II was designed to study B mesons produced in asymmetric e+e- collisions. Asymmetric refers to the fact that the colliding electrons and positrons have different energies. This gives the resulting particles momentum in the research laboratory reference frame, allowing their lifetimes to be measured even if they carry away most of the collision energy. In the current run at Pep-II, electrons are stored in one ring at 9 GeV and positrons in the other at 3.1 GeV. This sets the collision energy right at the T(4S) resonance, a short-lived combination of a bottom of the inning quark and its antiquark. This change integritys preferentially into a pair of mesons B and Bhence the name of the detector.Mesons are short-lived systems made up of a quark and an anti-quark Bs are mesons in which one quark is a bottom (or an anti-bottom) and the other is a light quark (up, down, strange, or their corresponding antiquarks). The BaBar detector is optimized to measure the decay process of these Bs as precisely as possible. It is hoped that differences between the B and the B decay processes will be uncovered and measured, which will lead to a bump understanding of CP symmetry violation.CP violation describes an event that breaks the so-called Charge Parity symmetry. For a time, it was believed that if matter and antimatter were interchanged (hence, Charge) and if right and left were reversed (Parity), systems would behave in an akin manner. This symmetry has since been found to be broken in certain kaon decays, and it is suspected that further violations will be discovered in B decays. check that if time is reversed as well as charge and parity, then the system will behave in an indentical manner this is known as CPT symmetry, and is necessary for Lorentz transformations. It is hoped that learning more about events that violate the broken CP symmetry will shed some light on the relative scarcity of antimatter in the universe.

Bmw Films

Decision Problem The primary issue faced by Jim McDowell is what to do for his abutting trade social movement. He go forthing claim to decide what boot BMW bequeath murder in order to stay current in the physical object market and position the spot as the leader in the sumptuousness car industry. A sub issue that Jim is facing is that in order for BMW to stick up out comp atomic number 18 to the competition, it must be at the forefront of the marketing trend. There is always pressure on innovative marketing campaigns as a bad campaign fanny lead to severe damage in the company image and reputation. Decision AlternativesThere are a number of alternatives that Jim faces when deciding in what direction to happen upon with the BMW marketing campaign. Develop more miserable films and build a big series out of it. Develop a full duration word picture for the theatres Do nothing to the existing campaign and trigger off on to burgeon forth a parvenu campaign To continue t o use the existing BMW films plus developing a impudent campaign Creating new films on the heels of the original films plus developing a new campaign Develop a full length word-painting plus developing a new campaign In order to decide the best alternative it is classic to fount at round give away decision criteria.In this case the important factors would be delivery time, risk, cost, competitive prefer, ease of implementation. Analysis of Industry In the luxury car part, BMW and Mercedes bring on stand strong against the strong competition from japan like Acura, Lexus, Infiniti. In year 2001, BMW is second best luxury car seller, just behind Lexus amount the separate ten major luxury brands. However, BMW nevertheless ranked 8th in media expenditures, which again proved the considerable success on their innovative campaign. In damage of customer loyalty, luxury brand customers do tend to stay among the top brands and are very loyal.There are always customers who switch f rom BMW to Mercedes or the opposite way around. Since BMW has the competitive receipts of a younger clientele, it is very important for BMW to create marketing campaign to young adult so they passel look forward to own a BMW when they can afford one. Analysis of Company Evaluation of Alternatives Alternative 1, 2, and 3 should only be considered as a presently term alternative that can get quick beneficial results with no broadsighted term prospects because all the alternatives evolve around the same film concept, which at coherent last leave behind wear out and target consultation will not be interested in it anymore.Alternative 4 takes into account with BMWs long term goal, to be the leader in the industry with innovative campaigns. However, developing a new concept takes time and research before implementation, therefore some immediate alternatives needs to be through with(p) before the new campaign kicks in. Alternative 5, 6, or 7 will achieve that goal. Alternative 5 maintain the BMW films to new markets that may have confounded the online films during the campaign period will enable BMW to entice an entirely new segment. By showing the films throughother mediums, BMW will be able to reach a wider audience plus raising the brand awareness.Since this campaign is so successful and unique, BMW can also produce DVD and possess itas a collectible item. This alternative is well-heeled to implement, low cost to run, low risk as the campaign is already running with huge success with darling reputation. However, other companies may copy the liking and there is a chance that BMW will lose its competitive advantage as the films are getting besides exposed to the original audiences that BMW targeted during the initial campaign period. Therefore, developing another campaign while this is running is necessary in order to achieve BMWs long term marketing goal.Alternative 6 The other option would be to follow up with another series of films on the heel s of the original films. BMW would want to cargo area the number of films low to try and immix them into the successful original films and not to market them as another series of hornswoggle films. This alternative will beseech some time to prepare, and the cost will be much higher in comparison to Alternative 5, which will make it harder as BMW will need more resources in creating a new campaign at the same time. It is easy to implement as all the ground works are in place from the previous films.However, this alternative will have a higher risk than other options due to the high anticipation of BMW to produce high attribute films. If any of the film receives negative feedbacks, BMW will risk losing out on the campaign inwhole, plus the reputation of the series. BMW will thus far keep its competitive advantage with this alternative as they are still the one who leads the marketing trend. Alternative 7 Creating a full length movie can be the next big campaignfor BMW. It is a n ew approach path and will make the brand stand out of all others. The target audience is also much wider in comparison to the initial campaign.It will take a long time to implement, and not as easy as short films because a full length film is more complicated in terms of plot and production. The cost will also go veryhigh that may use up all of BMWs resources in marketing. It is a two sided marque because if BMW is not placed enough in the film there is no difference in doing product position in the James Bond movie series meanwhile if BMW is overly exposed in the film it may create negative feedbacks as it will look like an hour long commercial. The interest level of audience will also be much lower in watching a long commercial than a short film.Decision Criteria Chart Here is the chart for the best 3 alternatives (X? low score, XXX? high score) Recommendation base on the analysis above it is unadorned that the appropriate course of action is to utilize the existing movies in the short term while developing a new full scale marketing plan in the background. By utilizing the existing films BMW will be able to quickly get to market films that they have already completed. They will ride the finish tails of the internet marketing, however by introducing the films to another target markets, BMW will hopefully build on the feign created by the original films.There is comparatively low risk to this model because BMW has already invested in the films and by using different mediums to convey their message it is promising that an entirely new market segment will appreciate the films as the original audience did. Although the potential payback may not as great as some off the circumvent innovative idea, the concept behind releasing the films to a different audience should allow more time and resources to develop another new campaign. If there are enough resources, BMW can also consider creating 1 or 2 more films to avoid losing the competitive advantage toward the target audience.Bmw FilmsDecision Problem The primary issue faced by Jim McDowell is what to do for his next marketing campaign. He will need to decide what direction BMW will take in order to stay current in the target market and position the brand as the leader in the luxury car industry. A sub issue that Jim is facing is that in order for BMW to stand out compare to the competition, it must be at the forefront of the marketing trend. There is always pressure on innovative marketing campaigns as a bad campaign can lead to severe damage in the company image and reputation. Decision AlternativesThere are a number of alternatives that Jim faces when deciding in what direction to move with the BMW marketing campaign. Develop more short films and build a big series out of it. Develop a full length movie for the theatres Do nothing to the existing campaign and move on to develop a new campaign To continue to use the existing BMW films plus developing a new campaign Creating new fil ms on the heels of the original films plus developing a new campaign Develop a full length movie plus developing a new campaign In order to decide the best alternative it is important to look at some key decision criteria.In this case the important factors would be delivery time, risk, cost, competitive advantage, ease of implementation. Analysis of Industry In the luxury car segment, BMW and Mercedes have stand strong against the strong competition from Japan like Acura, Lexus, Infiniti. In year 2001, BMW is second best luxury car seller, just behind Lexus amount the other ten major luxury brands. However, BMW only ranked 8th in media expenditures, which again proved the great success on their innovative campaign. In terms of customer loyalty, luxury brand customers do tend to stay among the top brands and are very loyal.There are always customers who switch from BMW to Mercedes or the other way around. Since BMW has the competitive advantage of a younger clientele, it is very impo rtant for BMW to create marketing campaign to young adult so they can look forward to own a BMW when they can afford one. Analysis of Company Evaluation of Alternatives Alternative 1, 2, and 3 should only be considered as a short term alternative that can achieve quick beneficial results with no long term prospects because all the alternatives evolve around the same film concept, which eventually will wear out and target audience will not be interested in it anymore.Alternative 4 takes into account with BMWs long term goal, to be the leader in the industry with innovative campaigns. However, developing a new concept takes time and research before implementation, therefore some immediate alternatives needs to be done before the new campaign kicks in. Alternative 5, 6, or 7 will achieve that goal. Alternative 5 Introduce the BMW films to new markets that may have missed the online films during the campaign period will enable BMW to entice an entirely new segment. By showing the films throughother mediums, BMW will be able to reach a wider audience plus raising the brand awareness.Since this campaign is so successful and unique, BMW can also produce DVD and make itas a collectible item. This alternative is easy to implement, low cost to run, low risk as the campaign is already running with huge success with good reputation. However, other companies may copy the idea and there is a chance that BMW will lose its competitive advantage as the films are getting overly exposed to the original audiences that BMW targeted during the initial campaign period. Therefore, developing another campaign while this is running is necessary in order to achieve BMWs long term marketing goal.Alternative 6 The other option would be to follow up with another series of films on the heels of the original films. BMW would want to keep the number of films low to try and blend them into the successful original films and not to market them as another series of short films. This alternative w ill require some time to prepare, and the cost will be much higher in comparison to Alternative 5, which will make it harder as BMW will need more resources in creating a new campaign at the same time. It is easy to implement as all the ground works are in place from the previous films.However, this alternative will have a higher risk than other options due to the high anticipation of BMW to produce high quality films. If any of the film receives negative feedbacks, BMW will risk losing out on the campaign inwhole, plus the reputation of the series. BMW will still keep its competitive advantage with this alternative as they are still the one who leads the marketing trend. Alternative 7 Creating a full length movie can be the next big campaignfor BMW. It is a new approach and will make the brand stand out of all others. The target audience is also much wider in comparison to the initial campaign.It will take a long time to implement, and not as easy as short films because a full leng th film is more complicated in terms of plot and production. The cost will also go veryhigh that may use up all of BMWs resources in marketing. It is a two sided sword because if BMW is not placed enough in the film there is no difference in doing product placement in the James Bond movie series meanwhile if BMW is overly exposed in the film it may create negative feedbacks as it will look like an hour long commercial. The interest level of audience will also be much lower in watching a long commercial than a short film.Decision Criteria Chart Here is the chart for the best 3 alternatives (X? low score, XXX? high score) Recommendation Based on the analysis above it is evident that the appropriate course of action is to utilize the existing movies in the short term while developing a new full scale marketing plan in the background. By utilizing the existing films BMW will be able to quickly get to market films that they have already completed. They will ride the coat tails of the int ernet marketing, however by introducing the films to another target markets, BMW will hopefully build on the impact created by the original films.There is relatively low risk to this model because BMW has already invested in the films and by using different mediums to convey their message it is likely that an entirely new market segment will appreciate the films as the original audience did. Although the potential payback may not as great as some off the wall innovative idea, the concept behind releasing the films to a different audience should allow more time and resources to develop another new campaign. If there are enough resources, BMW can also consider creating 1 or 2 more films to avoid losing the competitive advantage toward the target audience.

Implications of Information Technology on LAPD Essay

Los Angeles is one and only(a) of the cities in the United States, in the year 2010 the city is approximated to pretend a population of four million people, with an rural area of four hundred and sixty eight square miles. In 1869, the Los Angeles practice of law Department (LAPD) was created to serve the area. Currently, LAPD is the third most prevalent law of nature surgical incision in the United States. The police exponent faces an vagabond of altercates Corwin, (2004), these includes governance, monetary constraints, resource everyocations, sustainable assure gathering and storage, detestation detections and operational priorities.Brief background of the organization Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) has been in the forefront in innovative techniques in an effort to fight crime, the technological dodgings proposed to be adopted by LAPD, takes into consideration the carrying outs which are before yen in place. LAPD has adopted several entropy engineering centere d techniques which includes remote camera command system, automatic license plate-recognition system, computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system and facial-recognition software.The information Technology driven approaches adopted by LAPD retain had strategic implications on the performance of the police department Chu, (2001), considering the diverse challenges encountered by the police force the technologies are also envisioned to offer a competitive edge, to the police force in conflict crime. The report considers and evaluates the strategic implications of information technology in the police force in future.Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) has been co direct with several partners in implementation information technology driven solutions to fight crime. Over the past the department has utilized discipline Technology in gathering watertight evidence in criminal cases and gaining public trust, the phased implementation of installation of video cameras in one thousand six hundred cars, to serve more than twelve thousand officers, to cost approximately $25 million is evidenced highlight of the custom of Information Communication Technology.Northrop Grumman has long history with the American armed forces, the company was contracted in the year 1996 to plan and construct the Los Angeles Police Department Emergency Command Control and communications System with subsidiary egotism-sufficient emergency dispatch centers, the project lasted for five long time. With diverse experience, they have assisted the police to deploy computer-aided dispatch (CAD) the police drift of Emergency Communication System which integrates CommandPoint(tm) Mobile applications from Northrop Grumman and computer-aided dispatch (CAD)Discussion of Current Business Issues Governance has been a business challenge in the United States police force, Los Angeles inclusive. There has been a mix up in roles and responsibilities of the police officers, where at times the states have had mixed hierarchies confounded by bureaucratic empires and fiefdoms. Furthermore, there have been a massive amount of units, which has complicated the crime fighting due to diverse hierarchy of reporting structures.The current business environment calls for paradigm remove to increase accountability and transparency. Governance in the police force has also been an issue in waning public confidence, the current business environment favors self perpetuating oligarchy, this call for implementation of systems that favor accountability to the public. As regards financial expenditure in the police force, the police have over the years been consumers of tax, without resultant unionise creation of wealth.Business wise, the police force have been viewed as liabilities to the tax payers, the fact that criminals have been advancing in technology calls for a rejoinder in form of technological advancement from the police quarters, this comes with increased expenditure. Moreover, the area covered by th e Los Angeles police department is wide, with the ever increase population means that the financial expenditure rises with time, however, the prevailing economic situations means that there are several competing wants for the funds available this has curtailed monies allocated to the police department.The business environment also involves exercise of resources. Human resources, which in this case involves police officers and Information Communication Technology staff are the essential resources in the LAPD, currently, the legendary system requires the police department to have trained personnel to manage the lucre infrastructure. The systems also have the police department utilizing its own network link, which is very expensive in call of maintenance as sanitary as the regular training of officers as argued by Glenn, (2003), to update on the latest encryption techniques, so as to oppose the integrity of data.A crucial examination of the duties and responsibilities of all the officers has at times generated duplication of responsibilities, with several officers dedicated to supervisory duties rather than in directly fighting crime, therefore the roles of the officers have to be defined and the human resource streamlined to meet the customer demands, which in this case, is the public. The biggest challenge however has been escalating crime and solution lies in effectively detecting and avoiding crime.Some researchers have argued that senior police officers condone the practices associated with fiddling the figures, Cooking the Books also referred as gaming, to portray crime levels as decreasing, by techniques much(prenominal) as cuffing, stitching, skewing, nodding. The business issues are weakness in terms of evidence to charge suspects, where suspects have escaped judgment due to weak evidence mechanism, Joycelyn, (2008).Moreover, with the escalating number of criminals, officers have at time had to rely of the strength of their memories to remember al l the suspects, in addition some suspects may be available in the police departments database, but the officers may non be able to access the data while in the field. There is therefore a postulate of a system which can capture and sustain evidence, while assisting the officers identify criminals hence improving credential in Los Angeles.An other(a) current issue is the operational priorities challenge where the priorities of the police force have been diversified and not in agreement with the Peelian principles, which lays emphasis on nurseion of life and property and the prevention and detection of crime, in this case anything else is a distraction. The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) has faced the challenge of operational priorities, where the systems being utilized have demanded the officers to concentrate on maintaining the systems there is therefore need to implement a system which fosters Peelian principles.The current business environment has therefore a myriad of c hallenges, the police at all times are evaluate to have a strategic competitive advantage over their competitor the criminals. The police have to adopt a paradigm shift which invilves adoption and implementation of Information Technology driven solutions, the application of not only creativity but also imagination in the approach to its adoption gives credence to the green caution to innovators that you cannot use yesterdays tool for todays job and expect to be in business tomorrow.With respect to Los Angeles Police Department, , LAPD cannot have to keep using traditional methodology of detecting and fighting crime and expected to beat the criminals who are advancing with technology. Discussion of Proposed Solution The proposed solution lies in total implementation of the Emergency Communication System which integrates CommandPoint(tm) Mobile applications and computer-aided dispatch (CAD).The implementation of CommandPoint Mobile interfaces acts as a link between the command co re group and the field units, improving access to the latest information by the field officers while fostering exchange of information, between the field officers, command centre and other interested police forces within the United States, such as the detectives and crime busters. The envisioned solution should in addition encompass remote camera surveillance which posses intelligent video competence to tenuously recognize and scrutinize apprehensive occurrences, when illegal actions transpire the police officers can be alerted.The automatic license plate-recognition system (PlateScan) involves patrol vehicles fitted with video cameras and mobile data computer, where the scanned license plates are systematically compared with existent data in databases incase the vehicle may be of need to the law enforcers. The facial-recognition software works in concord with camera surveillance system to scrutinize the captured images of human faces, then quickly and accurately judge against image s contained in the database, these video cameras are deployed in patrol vehicles.This is envisaged to address the problem of identification of suspects, since suspects can be identified in shorter times. To interconnect the several disperse officers in the field, LAPDs Information and Communications Services Bureau adopted, it is proposed that the officers utilize public network to decrease be while improving security by increasing coverage, using public network also reduces the human resource constraint the network shall have, since the police shall not have to maintain their own network, neither to they have to maintain the network.With the implementation of the automated field reporting system and Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD), the need for mobile communication with high speed wideband was imminent, the legendary system was restricted to certain areas, while operating in low speeds of 19. Kilo bits per second, the proposed solution is to consider the existent LAPD installed Spri nt Data tie beam where the patrol vehicles are fitted an antenna connected to an EV-DO Sierra Wireless 595 connection card in a Dell D610 laptops installed with Windows XP operating system SP2, 1 GB of RAM, a DVD drive, and an 80 GB hard disk, the police can easily access databases, crime-analysis data, photographs, reproduces, reports and mapping data,. The fact that Sprint is a private network calls for need to increment the security measures.The proposed solution includes utilization of registered modems by the officers to avoid unauthorized access to the network this is fostered by end-to-end encryption as well as the providers authentication server. Computer Aided Dispatch in combination with the proposals above provides the officers indispensable wide source of information for strategic decision making. The utilization of information technology has been fostered further by Bluetooth fingerprint scanners currently the scanners are limited in application.However, it is propose d that every patrol vehicle to be equipped with fingerprint scanners, such that persons with clean history cannot be subjected to suspicious arrests, this addresses the issue of arbitrary arrests therefore improving the customer image of the police force, furthermore, the devices to be utilized by the officers should be GPS capable therefore the police can accurately determine locations and positions with precision.The utilization of a private mobile broadband network is intentioned to reduce the costs associated with network access since utilizes high speeds, with minimal costs, furthermore, officers are relieved the duties of maintaining the network. The laptops have to preserve the image determined for mission critical systems to guarantee dependability and security with minimal downtime without dependence on Information Communication Technology personnel this requires the deployment of Anti-Executable and incomprehensible Freeze as a comprehensive solution on the MDC laptops.De ep Freeze allows the users to promptly reboot the laptop to return it to its original Configuration, this has avoided the need to substitute the laptops when a problem occurs. This is in addition to Anti-Executables whitelist technology which standardizes the operating environment by regulating the programs installable. This has been adopted to reduce the number of personnel required to keep the systems in performance mode, therefore addressing governance challenges.The proposed solution is not immune of challenges, considering that the operations are in data sensitive environment, the shifting of the computing environment from MDT to MDC denote new software and hardware, this introduces threats and vulnerabilities. Using more than one thousand five hundred laptops and modems introduces new threats and probable software configuration issues. Windows XP is predisposed to external threats such as spyware, viruses, and other malware. The strategic utilization of Information Technology in LAPDThe future of LAPD in utilization of Information Technology has great potential. The Department has optional innovations which include empowering police on foot horseback or bicycle patrols with high-speed data network access by facilitating handheld devices to utilize wireless data cards, the officers can effectively access the data, from the change station, without necessarily using patrol vehicles. Furthermore, having high definition video streamed from cameras and patrol cars to a centralized system in the station enables the police to have real-time information of scenarios as they unfold.In addition, the department can integrate GPS information into the dispatch system for mobile resource management. Recommendations Whereas the police department has been faced with an array of challenges such as the large population size and density, the bulky geographical area, and further complicated by the cultural diversity of the residents. Information technology has been extoll ed as the ultimate solution, while progressing efficiency of the Department.Implementation of the proposed system shall enable the LAPD reduce costs associated with networking, since they shall be utilizing public network and already available software such as Windows XP, Deep Freeze and Anti-Executable. Moreover, the system shall require fewer officers to manage, hence reducing costs while addressing governance challenges by ensuring that officers get access to all the requisite information as and when needed, hence avoiding bureaucracy in accessing information.While fostering the relationship with the customers the public, the officers shall also be able to detect and deal with crime as it occurs, while getting substantial and immense evidences against criminals. The system also enables the officers to concentrate on their operational priority fighting crime in Los Angeles. To protect the people of Los Angeles therefore, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) should adopt info rmation technology driven solutions which are anticipated to offer several merits in the next three years and beyond.These strategic impacts of the proposed system are intentioned to have a competitive advantage over criminals, these strategic impacts include enhanced coverage, faster response to emergencies, mapping capabilities and harmonisation of communication among the police personnel, connectivity to the investigators and detectives as well as to the entire United States police unit hence reducing or even eliminating crime in Los Angeles.

Compare and Contrast US and Canada Capital Cities Essay

capital letter dc and Ottawa sh be much in common in terms of geography, but they have also taken divergent paths in terms of history and culture. Originally inhabited by immanent Americans, both were colonized by Europeans and later developed into two independent pileuss. By 1500s, the Europeans migration to unification America had begun character reference Swe02 l 1033 (Swerdlow, 2002). Europeans came to northeast America in search of land, valuable minerals, religious and political freedom. The European migrants came from England, France, and Spain, where they settled in colonies. Washington dc was founded on rebellion and the cult of desire independence magic spell Ottawa was impressed through consensus among the public servants quote Mil11 l 1033 (Miller, 2011). While both cities share similar histories with regard to their former colonizers the British monarch, they bear divergent attitudes towards their formers colonizers.In the year 1763, France was forced to abando n most of its due north American territory to the British Empire, which was a union of Scotland and England. Conflicts arose between the indwelling Americans and the colonial settlers as they sought to occupy the land. Most Native Americans were pushed step up of their lands and their culture was nearly destroyed as a result of the conflict reference point Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). When the British political sympathies imposed new taxes and restriction on the freedoms of Native Americans in 1760s, all the thirteen British colonies were angered and they fought against the British to take a shit independence. The result was a new independent country, the United States of America. Most Americans rejected the British monarchy and set up a republic, a type of reignment whereby pack could elect their own leaders, including the head of utters. Consequently, they elected George Washington as their first president CITATION For10 l 1033 (Forsey, 2010).As some American colonists d id not call to break ties with the British monarch, they sought to leave the newly formed country. Over hundred thousand people known as the loyalist moved out of the United States and settled in the french populated regions of Quebec, which was controlled by the British monarch. In the early 1800s, French and English speaking communities in the British North America were in constant conflict over the colonial government policies CITATION Mil11 l 1033 (Miller, 2011). However, they were soon brought together due to fears of a takeover by the United States. In the year 1867, four of the colonies Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova scout- united at a lower place Prime Minister A. MacDonald, to from the united provinces of the dominion of Canada. This was a new country under the British Empire. Other neighboring areas such as British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, also become provinces of Canada CITATION For10 l 1033 (Forsey, 2010). Nowadays, Canada encompasses th e ten provinces and another three territories, the Nunavut, the Yukon Territory and the North West territories.Currently, both the governments run from Ottawa and Washington dc are democracies with national systems, whereby the national governments share power with provinces or the state governments CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). However, the United States governments tends to tilt more towards democracy while Canada is more conservative. Indeed, the United States has been amending laws in accordance to the democratic rights of its citizens. This has been had been a strategy stated back in 1787, the united states leaders wanted to create a strong national government whilst preserving the structures individual states and citizens CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). Therefore, a plan called the constitutional amendments was drafted so that the constitution could be adjusted to conform to the countries changing needs. The first ten amendments were known as the bill of rig hts, and they guaranteed the citizens fundamental rights, such as the freedoms of religion, speech and press.Canada, on the other hand, was formed as a dominion, which was essentially a self-governing country with close links with the British monarch. Ottawa gained full independence from the British Empire in 1931, but the British governments still held the rights to approve any changes made to the constitution of Canada CITATION For10 l 1033 (Forsey, 2010). It was not until 1982 that this legislative link to the British government was severed. During its founding, Canada had a strong central government, with very little powers shred to the individual provinces. However, over the years, the powers given to the provinces has significantly increased CITATION For10 l 1033 (Forsey, 2010).The form of government in Ottawa is a constitutional monarch. The executive arm of the Canadian government encompasses the governor general, the prime minister and the cabinet CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Bar ret, 2013). In this government, the British monarch is still acts as the head of state. Additionally, the British monarch appoints the governor general in order to act in his or her place. The national legislature is known as the fantan, and it is made up of the senate and the House of Commons. The prime minister is the leaders of the majority political party in the parliament and serves as the actual head of government. The supreme court of Canada is composed of nine judges, and it is the countrys highest court CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013).On the other hand, the government in Washington is made up of three branches the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. The executive arm of the government encompasses the president, the vice president, and all the executive departments that control various division of the national government CITATION Swe02 l 1033 (Swerdlow, 2002). The presidents cabinet is made up of the heads of these departments. They also double up as special advisors. Elected state representatives makeup the senate and the House of Representatives. The senate and House of Representatives make up the legislative branch of the government. Meanwhile, the judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts.While English is the positive row and the main language in Washington dc, Ottawa has both English and French as the two official languages. Due to the immigration of people from all various parts of the world to Canada and the United States, there are other languages used, albeit in the few minority ethnicities CITATION Mil11 l 1033 (Miller, 2011). The immigrants from Great Britain came with the English language to United States and most parts of Canada. However, in some Canadian provinces such as Quebec and cities such as Ontario and Ottawa, French is included as the official language since some of the provinces population is made up descendants of French settlers who had arrived there between 1500s and 1700s CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). Since the communicative Canadians in the city wanted more protection for their culture and language, they sought to for the recognition and use of French language as part of the official language in Ottawa.Although both cities have a number of differences as mentioned above, they also exhibit several similarities. Firstly, Both Ottawa and Washington dc are capital cities of Canada and the United States respectively. Unlike other capitals such as London, Tokyo or Mexico City, both are not the unrivaled centers of gravity of their respective countries CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013). Fundamentally, both are political capitals and not cultural or economic capital cities. They are both government cities and not megacities. However, they both manage to plead a cosmopolitan atmosphere and a profile of much bigger proportions than their own size. In addition, neither of them were their countries initial capitals. Although they both have neighbor hoods that were formerly colonial towns, the two cities developed around national politics and for most of the time, the government was at the center of everything CITATION Swe02 l 1033 (Swerdlow, 2002).Both Ottawa and Washington dc exemplify a distinguishing North American federal urbanism. While both cities have a population of less than a million, they have several monuments, museums and embassies CITATION Swe02 l 1033 (Swerdlow, 2002). Tourist visit both cities to experience the historical foundations of the two North American countries, Canada, and the United States. Both Ottawa and Washington dc are filled with stylish Victorian houses and neoclassical public buildings. Additionally, they both have several impressively designed office blocks. For instance, Ottawa has a bureaucratic brutalist wonderland while in Washington dc there is the J. Edgar Hoover building at the pentagons scale CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). The two cities have adopted mount to urban developme nt that is centered on housing and amenities targeted to the professional classes, causing a wave of growth that has boosted a renaissance of downtown livability.Washington dc and Ottawa have a similar preceptal system. This includes a network of both public and private schools. Both cities have compulsory education requirements. In addition, the Canadian provinces and the United States have a 12-grade school system. There are universities and colleges in both cities. In terms of the rate of literacy, both the US and Canada have literacy rate of 97 percent CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013).The cultural influences of the United States and Canada, which are headquartered in Washington dc and Ottawa respectively, is strongest in the elucidate of popular entertainment. Indeed, both the United States and Canada have had a profound impact throughout the world through their popular culture CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). In the 1900s, the US was the worlds most dominant source of entertainment and trendy fashion, ranging from the t- shirts and the jeans to the television programs, movies and rock stars. Even nowadays, Hollywood has become synonymous with the pic patience. On its part, the Canada film industry which receives backing from Ottawa, is renowned for its shakes hers festivals that are held annually in Ontario. Therefore, the entertainment cultures in both cities has greatly shaped and influenced the entertainment industry thought the world CITATION Bar13 l 1033 (Barret, 2013).Being the citizens of two of the worlds wealthiest capital cities, people in both Ottawa and Washington dc enjoy a high standard of living. Due to their socioeconomic status or their level of educational income, the citizens of both cities have an advantage over the person-to-person opportunities and choices. Due to the support systems in place that ensure agricultural surplus in both the United States and Canada, foods are fairly inexpensive. The housing varies consider ably depending on the needs of families and individuals CITATION Bel11 l 1033 (Belanger, 2011). They range from suburban houses to multifamily row houses to high rise apartments.ReferencesBarret, M. (2013). Interculturalism and multiculturalism similarities and differences. London Council of Europe.Belanger, D.-C. (2011). Prejudice and Pride Canadian Intellectuals Confront the United States, 1891-1945. Toronto University of Toronto Press.Forsey, E. A. (2010). How Canadians govern themselves. Ottawa Library of Parliament.Miller, K. (2011). FOLLOWING THE AMERICAN LEAD CANADAS DIPLOMACY. Wellington Heritage.Swerdlow, J. L. (2002). The cultural geography of the united states and Canada. New York National Geographic.Source document

Creatinine Lab

Title Creatinine Assay Aim To determine the creatinine clearance of a selected black urine samples by graphical extrapolation from a creatinine curve. Materials and Apparatus University of the West Indies Department of Basic Medical Sciences Laboratory Manual BC35A, Creatinine Assay, pages 6-8, 2012 Changes to the Method The sample utilized wholeness undiluted urine samples for concent symmetryn determination instead of five aliquots of twenty four hour urine samples.The urine sample and standard creatinine solutions were analyzed spectrophotometrically nearly five minutes after they were made up instead of using the allotted time interval (minutes) as suggested by the laboratory manual. Results Please assemble attachments. Discussion Creatinine is a chemical waste moleecule that is generated from muscle metabolism. It is an anhydride of creatine, the end product of phosphocreatine metabolism measurements of its rate of urinary excretion are apply as diagnostic indicators of kidney function and muscle mass. The experiment utilized serum creatinine.Creatinine is filtered out of the linage by the kidneys (glomerular filtration). There is little tubular reabsorption of creatinine. If the filtering of the kidney is deficient, creatinine smear levels rise. Therefore, creatinine levels in air and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). The GFR is clinically important be scram it is a measurement of renal function . A more complete estimation of renal function can be made when interpreting the blood (plasma) concentration of creatinine along with that of urea. bankroll-to-creatinine ratio (the ratio of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine) can contend other problems besides those intrinsic to the kidney for example, a urea level raised out of resemblance to the creatinine may indicate a pre-renal problem such as volume depletion. The typical human reference ranges for serum creatinine are 0. 5 to 1. 0 mg/dl (about 45-90 ? mol/l) for women and 0. 7 to 1. 2 mg/dl (60-110 ? mol/L) for men. While a baseline serum creatinine of 2. 0 mg/dl (150 ? mol/l) may indicate normal kidney function in a male body builder.The experimental creatinine levels obtained for the undiluted sample of creatinine is ____________, the values obtained are significantly high than the normal creatinine values for a healthy male or female. Factors that may contribute to the elevated levels of serum creatinine may include a disorder of the kidneys and damage renal function. These disorders include glomerulonephritis characterized by inflammation of the blood vessels in the kidneys, bacterial infection of the kidneys or pyelonephritis and acute tubular necrosis, or cell death in the kidneys small tubes caused by toxic substances.Obstruction of the urinary tract, such as with prostate disease or kidney stones, can also cause impaired kidney function and kick in to elevated creatinine levels. Incre ased muscle mass indicates increased creatine phosphate, which translates to increased creatinine levels in the blood. Acromegaly and gigantism are disorders caused by abnormality of the pituitary secretor and can be associated with increased muscle mass also the ingestion of steroidal substances that stimulates an increase in muscle mass.When medical conditions affect normal blood fuse to the kidneys, renal function becomes impaired thus increasing creatinine levels in the blood. Shock, or a sudden critical drop in blood flow to the body, compromises renal status because the kidneys are not being nourished. Dehydration causes reduced renal blood flow, as well. In people with congestive warmth failure, the heart is not adequately pumping blood towards the kidneys and other organs. Atherosclerosis, or narrowing of the arteries, and diabetic nephropathy are other conditions that reduce blood flow to the kidneys.Precautions/Sources of Error 1. The experiment utilize spectrophotometr ic machines that are susceptible to light interfence from the external environment and interference from glassware that is not properly cleaned, this may cause inaccurate readings. 2. Contamination of serum standard solutions of creatinine may give inaccurate readings when using the spectrophotometric machines, hence contamination should be prevented by using clean glassware and wearing all the protect clothing that is applicable. Questions a) Factors that may contribute to varying creatinine levels include (1)The most common abnormality in a creatinine blood level is a change in kidney function. The kidneys are composed of around a million filters for all(prenominal) kidney, called nephrons. Each of these nephrons contains tubular structures that accomplish the filtering of waste materials and the re-absorption of necessary materials in the blood that passed through the nephrons. close creatinine is normally filtered out along two structures called the glomerulus and proximal co nvoluted tubule, maintaining the low levels of creatinine in the blood.A rise in creatinine blood levels indicates that this filtration is not taking place, suggesting there is a problem with kidney function. (2) Creatinine levels can be affected by transient or non-disease factors that are not kidney malfunction. Bodybuilders, because of the excess of muscular tissue that creates creatinine, ordain typically restrain high levels of creatinine. Severe dehydration will cause higher than normal creatinine. Eating a great deal of meat just hours before blood is drawn can elevate creatinine levels.Some drugs will cause higher than normal creatinine blood levels. These causes are ruled out before a follow up test to determine the cause of elevated creatinine. Low creatinine levels may indicate muscular dystrophy or myasthenia gravis. (3) Preeclampsia is a condition during pregnancy, the cause of which is poorly understood. Elevated creatinine may indicate preeclampsia in pregnant women , especially women on their first pregnancy. Untreated preeclampsia can lead to eclampsia, a life-threatening seizure disorder.Elevated creatinine in conjunction with swelling of the hands and face is an early sign of preeclampsia. Later signs may include persistent headache, pain in the upper-right quadrant of the abdomen, inadequate urination, agitation and nausea. 2b) The amount of creatinine the body produces each day depends on the persons muscle mass a young, muscular man produces more creatinine than a average non athletic male. Because muscle mass normally changes very little, creatinine is usually produced at about the same rate every day in each person.However, if continuous exercise is per piddleed as in the case of an athlete the muscle employs the creatine phosphate metabolism more often and hence more creatine and creatinine is metabolized which will eventually increase the muscle mass of the individual. Athletes may also ingest creatine which will stimulate the produc tion of creatinine in the body and will contribute to an increase in muscle mass. 2c) The blood urea test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function.Urea is a by-product from metabolism of proteins by the liver and is removed from the blood by the kidneys. The liver produces urea in the urea cycle as a waste product of the digestion of protein. Normal human adult blood should contain between 7 to 21 mg of urea nitrogen per 100 ml (721 mg/dL) of blood. BUN is an indication of renal health. Normal ranges 2. 5-6. 5mmol/L. If Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and blood volume then BUN will increase. Conclusion The experimental results indicate that there was a elevated serum creatinine level that was above the normal levels.Elevated serum concentration may indicate impaired liver function. The serum creatinine level was found to be ______________. References 1. Delanghe J De Slypere JP, De Buyzere M, Robbrecht J, Wieme R, Vermeulen A (Aug 1989). Normal reference values for creatine, creatinine, and carnitine are lower in vegetarians. Retreived October 3, 2012. 2. The creatine-creatinine equilibrium. The presumable dissociation constants of creatine and creatinine. Retrieved October 3, 2012. 3. International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand creatine supplementation and exercise. October 3, 2012.

Emily Dickinson Essay

Emily Dickinsons great skill and unparalleled creativity in playing with words and their connotations in her attempt to convey to the reader the place of a book are evident. In this poem, she is considering the power of books or of poetry to carry us away from our immediate surroundings to a world of imagination. Her poem is suff recitationd with (full of) metaphors, as she is desirous of likening a book to various kernel of transportation. To do this she alludes (allusion-noun) directly to concrete objects such as frigate, coursers and chariot, which carry archaic (ancient) connotations.The fuss inherent in the use of these vehicles has to do with the readers knowledge concerning the properties and characteristics evinced by a frigate, coursers and a chariot. The poetess associates the swiftness of a frigate, coursers and a chariotas well as their use to explore new lands and seaswith the power of a book or poetry to usher (lead, guide) us into another dimension, perhaps shrouded (covered) in mystery but definitely rewarding.If the reader is not acquainted (familiar) with these means of transportation that reigned supreme, so to speak, centuries ago, he / she is denied access to the meaning that the poet seeks to im collapse by means of these vehicles. But Emily Dickinson does not limit herself to these vehicles alone the whole poem is reminiscent (suggestive) of a past era when people used frigates, coursers and chariots to travel lands away. The words traverse, (to bell ringer an area of land or water) oppress, (stress) and frugal, (simple and inexpensive) with which the poem is interspersedall of them are of Latin origin, thus lending it a formal hue. She has been careful to choose kinds of transportation and label for books that have romantic connotations. Frigate suggest exploration and adventure coursers beauty, spirit and speed chariot, speed and ability to go through air as well as on land.Chariot reminds us of the myth of genus Phaethon, who trie d to drive the chariot of Apollo (Greek god of sun), and of Aurora (Greek goddess of dawn) with her horses. How much of the meaning of the poem comes from this selection of vehicles and words is apparent(a) if we try to substitute steamship for frigate, horses for coursers, and streetcar for chariot. How would the poem sound if, instead of likening a book to a frigate, coursers, and a chariot, one resolved to use a Mercedes Benz, a GMC or a Porsche to convey the same meaning, that of speed and swiftness?Emily Dickinsons shrewdness in selecting the closely appropriate diction is bright and undoubtedly holds up a mirror for the reader to see what it is that she had in mind when writing the poem. On a more technical note, related to the poetry scheme, it is obvious that the poem is written in open form or in free verse (from the French vers libre), as indicated by the lack of a regular rhyme pattern, as a parallel to prancing poetry or the power of a book to carry you to foreign l ands where no man has forever trod before.Liberated from the confines and shackles of rhyme, Emily Dickinsons There is no frigate like a book makes a permanent impression on the reader, as it entangles a part of the Divine essence, to quote W. B. Yeats. Allusions in There is no Frigate like a Book 1. The story of tourist In Greek mythology, Phaeton or Phaethon was the son of Helios (Phoebus). Perhaps the most famous version of the myth is given us through Ovid in his Metamorphoses (Book II). The name Phaeton means the shining.In the version of the myth told by Ovid in the Metamorphoses, Phaeton ascends into heaven, the home of his suspected father. His mother Clymene had boasted that his father was the sun-god Apollo. Phaeton went to his father who swore by the river Styx to give Phaeton anything he should ask for in order to prove his divine paternity. Phaeton wanted to drive his chariot (the sun) for a twenty-four hours. Though Apollo tried to talk him turn by of it by tellin g him that not even Zeus (the king of gods) would dare to drive it, the chariot was fiery hot and the horses breathed out flames. Phaeton was adamant.When the day came, Apollo anointed Phaetons head with magic oil to keep the chariot from burning him. Phaeton was unable to control the fierce horses that drew the chariot as they sensed a weaker hand. First it veered too high, so that the earth grew chill. Then it dipped too close, and the vegetation dried and burned. He accidentally turned most of Africa into desert bringing the blood of the Ethiopians to the surface of their skin, turning it black. The running conflagration spreads below. But these are trivial ills whole cities burn, And peopled kingdoms into ashes turn. 3 Rivers and lakes began to dry up, Poseidon rose out of the sea and waved his trident in anger at the sun, but soon the heat became even too great for him and he dove to the bottom of the sea. Eventually, Zeus was constrained to intervene by striking the runaway ch ariot with a lightning bolt to stop it, and Phaethon plunged into the river Eridanos. Apollo, stricken with grief, refused to drive his chariot for days. Finally the gods persuaded him to not earmark the world in darkness. Apollo blamed Zeus for killing his son, but Zeus told him there was no other way.This story has given rise to two latter-day meanings of phaeton one who drives a chariot or coach, especially at a reckless or dangerous speed, and one that would or may come out the world on fire 2. (Aurora, goddess of the dawn, equivalent to the Greek goddess Eos ) In Roman mythology, Aurora, goddess of the dawn, renews herself every dawn and flies across the sky in her chariot, announcing the arrival of the sun. Her telephone line was flexible for Ovid, she could equally be Pallantis, signifying the daughter of Pallas,1 or the daughter of Hyperion. 2 She has two siblings, a brother (Sol, the sun) and a babe (Luna, the moon).. In Roman mythology, Aurora, goddess of the dawn, re news herself every morning and flies across the sky, announcing the arrival of the sun. Her parentage was flexible for Ovid, she could equally be Pallantis, signifying the daughter of Pallas,1 or the daughter of Hyperion. 2 She has two siblings, a brother (Sol, the sun) and a sister (Luna, the moon). Rarely Roman writers3 imitated Hesiod and later Greek poets and made the Anemoi, or Winds, the offspring of the father of the stars Astraeus, with Eos/Aurora.

Computer education Essay

Computer education is two sides of a coin, there are several advantages and disadvantages which are listed belowAdvantages1. Information is obtainable at the click of a button, the internet is very useful and gives a huge support to the teacher to enhance her curriculum 2. The students themselves can learn a lot about the topics taught in class through the internet 3. Children find the lessons interesting since teachers have access to a vast pool of information. 4. Children can communicate homework etc via computer, thus saving of time 5. Saves a lot of stationery, paper wastage is minimal since students can submit their projects via computer. 6. Also, today everywhere a computer is utilise children become computer savvy and better prepared to face the world.Disadvantages1. Computer tends to make the children lazy, reason being that a computer is a one tour shop. Everything is available at a click of a button, they do not have to strive to collect information. 2. Children suffer their power the think since just by putting in one word on the search engine a whole treasure of information opens up, everything is available without trying very hard, children lose their imagination power and ingenuity. 3. Children do not have to learn spellings, calculation, tables they become totally dependant on computers and their skills for memorising, application, quick thinking are not developed.4. A computer is a very cold way of teaching, earlier live examples and objects were used which were far more exciting, we could touch, smell objects like earlier if a teacher wanted to teach about an orange a live orange was brought and shown, today everything is shown via power point presentations on screen which does not have the alike effect on children, since a live thing is so much more exciting. 5. Children lose touch with the real world and live in a virtual world which is not good. 6. Children become loners, lose friends, since all the time they are stuck to the computers 7. They do not sleep on time since chatting, emailing,

Family system thesis Essay

inceptionNot in on the whole pincerren grow from infancy by dint of their teenager historic period without experiencing closemouthed to bumps on the elbow room. piece every peasant is unique and special, some fourth dimensions they encounter emotions, feelings or behavior that ca practice session problems in their lives and the lives of those most them. Pargonnts often worry when their teens pass water difficulty coping with their things, emotions, get involved with alcohol, drugs, or can non get along with members of the family or battalion of their hold age bracket. A pargonnts relationship and nurturing position with a five- year-old person continues to be alpha, although the relationship stool to be flexible to adapt to the teenagers changing postulate. At this time, thither is a need for gradual change from a more authorized approach to a more collaborative approach. Pargonnts down to cause the reality that their fry is no long-life a electric razor, is becoming independent, and is no longer at bottom their control.They may feel distressed as they compass that the young person wont listen to them, or does the opposite of what they may call forth. They may have to watch their young person disregard the things they thought they taught them were important, such as ways to find later their health, or their future goals. P bents have to learn to let go, not of the relationship, tho of their dreams for the young person, and their authorisation everywhere the young people, so that they may allow a young person to develop his/her confess dreams and greater self-importance-responsibility.Adolescent maturation is a ain phase of suppuration where children have to feed their own imprints, values, and what they necessitate to accomplish out of life. Be come insubstantials constantly and realistic participator appraise themselves, they argon often characterized as being exceedingly self-conscious. However, the self-evaluation offshoot covers to the beginning of long-range goal congealting, turned on(p) and amic fitted independence, and the making of a mature adult. fit to Erik Ericksons Pyschosocial instruction, on the fifth part power point, which is identity operator vs Role Confusion, the child struggles to happen upon his or her identity in social fundamental interactions with friends and family. When he/she reaches the ages of fourteen and fifteen, too teen strives to loosen his/her ties from his/her p atomic number 18nts and emotions and intellectual capacities a ilk increase.Adolescents begin to deem out their futures and decide on life storys. During this stage they face the conflict of identity versus role confusion. If the adolescent formulates a self-coloured plan of action more or less his/her future, then the outcome is verificatory and establishment of identity is achieved. Adolescents who do not develop this sense of identity may develop role confusion and aim littlely move d wizard and through life without any plan of action or sense of tribute well-nigh their future. Adolescents need to make use of their newly acquired aptitudes of logical thinking and ability to make judgments rationally. The adolescent wricks adventuresome, and experiments with divers(prenominal) ideas. This plays an important role in finding ones relations to oneself, groups, and opposite sex.During this time, the adolescent battles over his own raiment of values versus the set completed by parents and other(a) adult figures. The adolescent as well begins to effect on more control of educational and vocational pursuits and advantages. It is during this time that adolescents self-dependence and a sense of responsibility become apparent, along with their quest to contri stille to rules of order and find their jell in it. This piece of work on the perfor objet dartce of family organization to the psychosocial victimisation of adolescent is vital as a period of growth in which identity governing body is addressed. This can be interpreted to mean that the role of family is lessening or that family has only a contain role in the lives of young people at this time.Research shows, however, that ongoing positive family connections are prophylactic factors against a range of health risk behaviors. Although the nature of relationships is changing, the continuity of family connections and a secure emotional menial is all-important(a) for the positive victimization of young people. The write up on the effect of family ashes to the psychosocial development of adolescent demonstrates the importance of the family role in assistanceing children establish their identity upon reaching adolescence. This study do use of the of the Family System surmisal which consists the family structure, family interactions, and family functions and Eriksons Psychosocial maturement scheme. Through this system, this study have been very effective in identify ing the effect of family arranging to the psychosocial development of adolescents.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYFamily members are profoundly walk outing each others thoughts, feelings, and actions that it often reassurems as if people are living under the similar emotional skin.- (One Familys spirit level by Murray Bowen)The Laboratory spirited School of the polytechnic University of the Philippines was startle know as the Philippine College of employment Laboratory highschool School in 1955 which tends to offer a curriculum in thirdhand level that leave alone affiliate to the rising technical developments during that time of the cyber age. Laboratory high school Schools or demonstration schools are elementary or secondary school operated in association with a university, college, or other teacher education institution and employ for the training of future teachers, educational experimentation, educational search, and professional development. Students in the secondary level are suffered to be more matured than they were in their elementary days. The Laboratory High School (LHS) aims to practice the discipline, the schoolman excellence, the nationalism, and the commerce among their students.Philippine School of Commerce was converted through the commonwealth Act 779 into the Philippine College of Commerce which offered the 4-year Bachelor of Science in duty Education, an academic development that made imperative the establishment of a secondary school where senior Bachelor of Science in Business Education students could observe and practice-teach.There were only eight pioneer teachers when the laboratory last school open(a) in 1955. Listed in the roster were Virginia Aldana, Purificacion Cecilio, Ruth David, Norma Diamante, Fulcida Eligado, Luz Gonzales, and Gloria Talastas. They were soon joined by 18 new recruits Natividad Agana, Lydia Camit, Racquel Bernardo, Elsie Borja, Carolina Calderon, Fermin Cruz, Rosalina de Lara, Ernesto Dumlao, Luisa de Lara, Soledad London, Celia Rejuso, Julie del Rosario, Tomas San Pedro, Elena Sta. Ana, Francisco Santos, capital of Seychelles Tanjutco, Carmen Tupas, and Lydia Villa. Serving at the helm of the school was a succession of able and competent principals Apolinaria Seva, Brigido Sadsad, Gloria Talastas, Angelina Manapat, Rosario Battung, Josefina Tan, Rosa Guirao, Fe Salting, Charito Montemayor, LiceriaLorenzo, Carmencita L. Castolo, and the incumbent Corazon C. Tahil.The trek to computerization began when Prof. Charito A. Montemayor initiated the computerized enrolment. Ably cooperateing her was an alumnus of the LHS, Prof. Angelito Pastrana who was connected with the PUPILS, a group of IT specialists t solicited to hold the computerization projects of the University. Dr. Liceria Lorenzo continued what her predecessor started. During her term, report cards were also computerized. The LHS observed its Golden Anniversary with aplomb. The double event involving the alumni, faculty (including the retirees), and administrators was competently supervised by Dr. Lorenzo.The original Laboratory School run by John Dewey at the University of Chicago in 1938 is now what most laboratory schools follow as the manakin of experiential education based. John Dewey originally wrote nigh the benefits of experiential education in 1938, explaining, There is an confidant and necessary relation betwixt the attendes of actual bang and education.(Dewey, J., Experience and education. p. 7) Dewey adviseed that each students experience yield be psycheized based on past experiences, and not all students pass on take away the same out take care of the concept. Thus, the experiential learning classroom mimics society, where all people have different enamours of topics and information.Dewey asserts that not all experiences are genuinely or equally educative (Dewey, J., Experience and education. p. 13) and suggests that in imperfect education, the quality of the experience i s essential. Dewey also chief(prenominal)tains that in order for education to be progressive, there must be a solid philosophy that privileges experiences that are fruitful and creative and that enhance subsequent learning experiences.It is military man being to have a long childhood it is civilized to have an even longer childhood. Long childhood makes a technical and mental virtuoso out of man, but it also leaves a life-long residue of emotional immaturity in him. Erik Homburger Erikson (1902-1994)According to Erik Erickson adolescence ranges from 12-18 years old. Teens during this time need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Teens during this time are in their secondary level of education (Arlene F. Harder. The Developmental Stages of Erik Erikson). Success to this stage leave bakshish to an ability to stay true to oneself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self-reliance. Social relationship during this time is one of the most importa nt events in this stage.The first social environment of an individual is within his family. Therefore, whatever a child may acquire to his family lead be his basis in facing off the society. But individuals during this time are more key out to school environment than to family environment, which means that superior agnatic guidance should be exercise. Transition from childhood to maturity date may confuse or insecure them about how they will fit into the society. As they set about to establish a sense of self, teens may experiment with different roles, activities and behaviors. According to Erikson, this is important to the cultivate of forming a arduous identity and developing a sense of direction in life. The family should be the one who patronages their adolescent child throughout the whole period of transition.This special study onslaught to determine the effect of family system to the psychosocial development of the 4th year students in Polytechnic University of the P hilippines Laboratory High School year 2012-2013 Figure 1.1 neighborhood map shows the vicinity map where the study is conducted. Figure 1.2 Vicinity map shows the Laboratory High School, Polytechnic University of the Philippines where the area where the seek was conducted.Figure 3. The Family System TheoryTHEORETICAL FRAMEWORKBowens Family System TheoryThese assumptions are diagramed in figure 1. The components and their relationship to the whole system are as follows1. Family structure consists of the descriptive characteristics of the family. This includes the nature of its membership and its cultural and ideological call. These characteristics are the input into theinteractional system. In this study, the family structure use is the structure gibe to authority which is the 2. Family interaction is the hub of the system. It is the process of interaction among family members that determines the rules by which the family is governed. This is the familys level of cohesion, its a daptability, and its intercourse style. Finally, these interactions work together to serve individual members and collective family needs.3. Family function is the output of the interactional system. Utilizing the resources available through its structure (input), the family interacts to produce responses that fulfill its needs. This is the relationship of the family.4. The family life cycle introduces the element of change into the family system. As the family moves through time, developmental and non-developmental changes alter the family structure and/or the familys needs. The family life cycle in this study includes the evaluate Adolescence, or the stage of adolescence, this includes the developmental changes of the individual as change increases. Particularly this includes a. Deal with emerging friendshipable identity of child.b. Accept increasing regulate of peer group.c. Promote differentiation and autonomy of child. According to Dr. Bowens in his Family System Theory or the Bowen Theory views the families as living organisms and stresses boundaries, rules, expectations, and behaviors that help the family maintain equilibrium. Bowen family systems theory is a theory of human behavior that views the family as an emotional unit and uses systems thinking to describe the complex interactions in the unit. It is the nature of a family that its members are intensely connected and family members so profoundly affect each others thoughts, feelings, and actions and relationships. Erik Erickson Psychosocial Development (Stage 5 identity element vs. Role Confusion)The eight-stage theory has a definite age nosepiece for each social stages, and in this study that focussinged on the student ages 14-16 years of age, which belong to the fifth stage of Psychosocial development, the Identity vs. Role Confusion stated that during this stage of development the child struggle to find his or her identity and the social interactions with friends and family. The child a cquires self-certainty as opposed to self-consciousness and self-doubt and is newly touch on with how they appear in front of other people. Adolescents may experiment with different roles, activities, and behaviors. According to Erikson, this is important to the process of forming a strong identity and developing a sense of direction in life but there is possible identity disturbance on the part of the child, changes on the social relationship to begin with on the peer group and family, emphasis on the peer preferences and social interactions.These are the following psychosocial changes undergone by the Adolescents during the fifth stage of Psychosocial Development according to Erik Erickson a. Independence Children are becoming more independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career, relationships, families, and housing. b. Family and Friends Relationships Adolescence is often a time when the values and behaviors of young people are utter to become increasingly dist ant and detached from those of their parents and other adults. Generational Stake Adolescents have a stake in believing that their parents are limited, old-fashioned, and out of touch. This divergence happens with good reason a Adolescents do need to break free from their parents to find their own way.Peer RelationshipRelations with peers are vital to the transition from childhood to due date. There are four special, constructive functions performed by peer relationshipspubertal self-help Adolescents find friends where they can adapt the consecutive changes happening to their development and physical changes in their body.Social abet Adolescents seeks protection against and confusion at their age level experiencing the same developmental changes from childhood to adulthoodIdentity formation Adolescents tend to have friends that would be having the same characteristics that would mirror and clarify his or her Identity.c. Exploration of Identity Explore possibilities and begin to form their own identity. The goal of many teens is to establish an identity. Identity Achievement Ericksons term for attainment of identity-ideally established by reconsidering the goals and values set by the parents and elaboration, then accepting some and rejecting others. Three particular proposition aspects areas of identity achievement follow in this study 1. Ethnic (Cultural)2. Gender3. assemblyCONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORKINPUT PROCESS OUTPUTSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMSpecifically, the interrogation will do the following questions in this studyHYPOTHESISThe following null hypotheses were tested in this study. There is no significant relationship between 1. There is no significant relationship between the Family System and the Psychosocial Development of the respondents.SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYResearch indicates that the development of a childs behavior is strongly influenced by how considerably his or her family functions. It is during this time that children are dependent upon ad ults to oppose their needs that their concept of the importance of family develops. The answer of the study is to determine the extent of awareness of family influences on the well-being of a child.The interrogation aims to know how the members of the family affect each others thoughts, feelings, and actions how they interact with other people and how they function as a family. This paper will tin explanations of high school students behavior and emotionality when it comes to their families and peers. The look back instrument use in this study requested demographic data. Research limitations/implications Research, teaching and practice must be conducted with the recognition of the family system relative to the students progress in the school. Social implications Recognizing the family system for its unique social contributions will have feign on future research, teaching, and practice. Originality/value This review of previous research offers researchers a broader and enc ompassing view of the family system, and their respective interactions.Researchers, educators, and practitioners will benefit from this paper. To the Parents, this research will aim to help the family develop a much broader accord of the child. It will also wee benefits on how to guide the child on their crucial stages in life. To the Teachers, this research will be of help for giving the child a much clearer view of his surroundings. It will surely help teachers in nurturing or developing a childs disposition or behavior inside the classroom. In go throughing the current developmental changes the students are undergoing, the teacher will have a clearer view of the nature of his students. To the future researchers. The research of the study will hopefully become the guidelines of the future researchers that will provide them the data and information connect to their present future research work. sphere AND LIMITATIONSThis study is limited only to Laboratory High School Student of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Mabini Campus at Sta. mesa Manila during the academic year 2012-2013. The well-known psychologist, Eric Erikson, said that adolescence needs help to cope with their struggles to know who they are, what they are and what they will become if they are to establish a clear sense of identity. This study will help students of same age and educational attainment to determine the role of their family into their lives and their psychosocial factors determining identity and relationships as they go through their adolescent years.Determining the factors of family system to the psychosocial development of the students is the focus of this research. The information needed will be gathered using the survey questionnaire. All information and conclusion drawn from this study were obtained only to this particular group of students.DEFINITION OF TERMSAuthoritative approach Best form of classroom management style, it is the one most closely accordd wit h appropriate student behaviors. AuthorityThe power to determine, adjudicate, or otherwise settle issues or disputes jurisdiction the right to control, command, or determine. Bumps To demote, promote or dismissCollaborative approachA postal benefit in which to or more people learn or attempt to learn something together. Demographic dataRelating to the dynamic balance of population especially with regard to density and capacity for expansion or decline. hard put Suffering from anxiety, sorrow or painExperiential EducationA philosophy of education that describes the process that occurs between a teacher and a student that infuses direct experiences with the learning environment and content. Family System TheorySuggest that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as a part of their family, as the family is an emotional unit. Gradual changeProcess occurs in small stages over a long period of time, rather than suddenly. IdeologyA set of doctrines or beliefs that form the basis of a political economic or other system. International System A complete, coherent system of units utilise for scientific work, in which fundamental quantities are length, time, electric current, temperature, luminous intensity, amount of substance and mass. IT medical specialistSpecialist typically focus on a specific computer ne iirk, database or system administration function. fall To reduce in sizing, extent or degree.PredecessorOne that precedes especially a person who has previously occupied a position or office to which another has succeeded. Progressive EducationA response against the traditional style of teaching which teaches facts largely at the expense of understanding what is being taught. Psychosocial Development How a persons mind, emotions, and maturity level develop throughout the course of their lifetime. Self-EvaluationA process in which an individual rates the quality of his or her own work. Technical DevelopmentApplication of kno wledge to the possible aims of human life or to changing and manipulating the human environment. VitalFundamen polish off concerned with or change life or living beings as (1) tending to renew or refresh the living stimulate (2) destructive to life mortal VirtuosoA person who has special knowledge or skill in a field.CHAPTER 2REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE hostile LITERATUREAccording to Gavazzi and Sabatelli (2003) the measures of family system patterns of interaction and the individuation process were examined as mediators of psychosocial development in a sample of college students. Included is an sign exploration into the construction and development of self-report, paper-and-pencil instruments designed to measure the two exceedingly complex constructs of differentiation and individuation.Indicators of family conflict, agnatic intrusiveness, and psychological interconnectedness were found to be significant predictors of psychosocial maturity, supporting the theoretical expec tation that distance law patterns indicative of well differentiated families and age-appropriate manifestations of the individuation process would be independently and interactively related to psychosocial adaptation. Also, the exploration of gender-related differences revealed that males were importantly more financially and psychologically independent from family members than were females but did not differ on any of the other family system and individual variables explored. According to Martire and Schulz (2000) Interactions with close family members have consequences for the emotional and physical well-being of individuals who are dealings with a continuing physical illness.Therefore, inclusion of a close family member in psychosocial interventions for chronic illnesses is a logical interposition approach that has the potential to boost the set up of intervention on the patient and also benet the family member. However, randomized, controlled studies indicate that such fami ly-oriented interventions usually have small effects. The efficacy of these treatment approachesmight be raise by targeting specific interactions that emerging research identifies as promoting or derailing healthy behaviors and by better incorporating strategies from family angel dust interventions. In addition, family oriented interventions should be more fully evaluated, by assessing the benefits for both patients and family members. prospective research in this area can tell us much about how and when to involve family in treatment of specific chronic illnesses and, in turn, may inform abstract models of the impact of family interactions on health. Psychosocial or behavioral interventions for chronic illness, such as patient education, support groups, and cognitive behavioral therapies, have been shown to have effects on health and emotional well-being that surpass improvements attained with usual medical care alone (i.e., medication or surgery). Because of the links between family relationships and chronic illness management, some researchers have incorporated a close family member such as the spouse in these interventions.The rationale for involving a family member in treatment can be found in the bio psychosocial model of health and illness and specific marital and family-systems frameworks. These conceptual models and frameworks have been supported by empirical evidence showing that close social relationships, especially the marital relationship, affect biological systems, health behaviors, and psychological well-being.In the check of Jossey Bass The health of adolescents Undertaking and facilitating biological, bahavioral and social development.(1992) On the third chapter of the script there discussed the psychosocial changes in the development of an adolescent. It is included the Psychosocial Development of the Adolescent, during the entire process of maturation and separation-individuation, the adolescent has a personal set of task to be acco mplished in the service of identity formation. During early adolescence, the intensity and exclusivity of earlier attachments to the parents begin to give away. At a time of change magnitude urges and physiological readiness for erotic aggressive action, closeness to family members can be quite threatening. art object an spread out peer life and increased social activities facilitate distancing. In the book name Influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use.Journal of early adolescence by Diana Baumrind suggested the convincing links between parenting styles and the effects these styles have on children that the major(ip)ity of parents display one of three different parenting styles. There are four kinds of parenting. First is the Authoritarian parenting In this style of parenting, children are expect to follow the strict rules established by the parents. Failure to follow such rules usually results in punishment. Authoritarian parents fail to explain t he ratiocination behind these rules. These parents have high demands, but are not responsive to their children. According to Baumrind, these parents are obedience- and status-oriented, and expect their orders to be obeyed without explanation.Second is the Authoritative Parenting ilk authoritarian parents, those with an authoritative parenting style establish rules and guidelines that their children are expected to follow. However, this parenting style is much more democratic. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children and willing to listen to questions. When children fail to meet the expectations, these parents are more nurturing and forgiving rather than punishing. Baumrind suggests that these parents monitor and impart clear standards for their childrens conduct. They are assertive, but not intrusive and restrictive. Their disciplinary orders are supportive, rather than punitive. They want their children to be assertive as well as socially responsible, and self-regu lated as well as cooperativeThird is the Permissive Parenting Permissive parents, sometimes referred to as indulgent parents, have very few demands to make of their children. These parents rarely discipline their children because they have relatively low expectations of maturity and self-control. According to Baumrind, permissive parents are more responsive than they are demanding. They are untraditional and lenient, do not require mature behavior, allow considerable self-regulation, and avoid confrontation (1991). Permissiveparents are generally nurturing and communicative with their children, often taking on the status of a friend more than that of a parent.Lastly is the Uninvolved Parenting an uninvolved parenting style is characterized by few demands, low responsiveness and little communication. While these parents fulfill the childs radical needs, they are generally detached from their childs life. In extreme efforts, these parents may even reject or neglect the needs of the ir children.In the book titled Child Development. 8th ed. United States of America Pearson Education, Inc. By Berk Laura stated that Child development that occurs from cause to adulthood was largely ignored throughout much of history. Children were often viewed simply as small versions of adults and little assist was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth that occurs during childhood and adolescence.An understanding of child development is essential, allowing us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth that children go through from birth and into early adulthood. Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories they attempt to describe every aspect of development, often using a stage approach. Others are known as mini-theories they instead focus only on a fairly limited aspect of development, such as cognitive or social growth.Theorist Erik Erikson also proposed a stage theory of development, but his theory encompassed human growth throughout the entire human lifespan. Erikson believed that each stage of development was focused on overcoming a conflict. For example, the primary winding conflict during the adolescent period involves establishing a sense of personal identity. Success or failure in dealing with the conflicts at each stage can impact overall functioning. During the adolescent stage, for example, failure to develop an identity results in role confusion. Learn more about this theory in this article on Eriksons stages of psychosocial development.LOCAL LITERATUREAs further discussed in the book, Family The Seat of Education, the crime syndicate is the natural school for the child. Because it is the parents who brought their children to the world, it is the natural right and duty of the parents to provide their children with good education so that they may achieve the purpose for which they were created. The home is the best school and the parents are the best teacher for their children. Because of the necessity of education in the home, it is important that the parents realize how grave her obligation is, and not to neglect it or perform it with indifference. It is said that the mothers heart is the childs schoolroom. Napoleon is said to have exclaimed that The future mess of the child is always the work of the mother.The Filipino Family a spectrum of Views and Issues, Perez (1995) wrote that The family is still the basic building-block of Philippine society. No less than the Constitution of the Republic has expressed this. The family provides the average Filipino with a stable reservoir of emotional security and support. Children are expected to seek parental advised and guidance on matters that deal with their future. If a child is natural the eldest, he behaves and interacts with his parents and siblings in the capacity and not in any other way, insofar as son-parent and other older-younger sibling rela tionship are concerned.According to Ms. Vicky Cantada (2002), a Center for Family Ministries (CeFam) counselor, the development of emotional quotient of children depends on how emotionally intelligent their parents oare. You cannot teach a child to be emphatic if the mother or flummox themselves do not have empathy. She also cited elements for good parenting Focus Time and Effort. Children can easily filling up feelings and moods, whether they are of low or high intelligence and it depends upon the parents on how they will be able to become role models to their children. However, it does not follow that if a child has a high IQ she will have a high EQ or vice versa. There are other factors that lead to a childs IQ and EQ.Ms. Cantada discussed the five hallmarks of emotional intelligence and it consists of the responsibilities of the parents in instilling to their children the self-awareness, managing emotions, self-maturation empathy, and managing relationships.Parents should be e motionally intelligent themselves, for them to teach how to become one to their children. For if not, the children will grow up as emotionally immature as their parents were.It emphasized the role of parents in the emotional growth of their children. Parenting styles thus, will come in clearly, as to how their styles will be effective in raising emotionally intelligent children.In the book titled Sociology, Culture and Family Planning (A Conceptual, Experiential and Interactive Approach) by Wilfredo R. San Juan el al. in Chapter 21 of his book that humankinds most basic and oldest social unit is the family.. It is a social institution primarily established by society to ensure its continuity and to regulate the sexual behavior of its members, since the infant is born helpless and dependent the family has been socially constructed to insure that there will be adult members who will look after the infants biological and emotional nurturance and safety.The family is the primary group w here the child is initially interact and initiated in the ways of life of his group. The family provides the childs social, psychological, and emotional needs warmth, intimacy, affection, nurturance, care and security. Thus, the family has been called the then babys room of human nature. Delicate and fragile as he is, so that he is better equipped with knowledge and adaptive skills before he is transplanted to the more or less inhospitable forces of the bigger society.Mona Gonzales (1995) deal outd Our linguistic process carry enormous power and in dealing with our children it is necessary that we separate whats helpful from whats harmful. Contrary to the maxim that a parent should always be consistent, especially in disciplining their child, they say it is all right to change your mind and live more in terms of your genuine feelings of the moment. Contrary to the belief that parents know whats best for their children, it is all right to let a child make his own decisions howev er tedious the process may seem. For you are preparing him for future independence. Contrary to the notion that if a child expresses strong emotions, we must tone the down they say we can acknowledge his feelings and in that way give him strength and health. The disciplinarian feels nothing is wrong with telling a child he is a liar, dull or lazy, if what he says is the truth.This, they believe would help the child improve himself. But a childs improvement is based on treating him as if he is already what hes capable of becoming. fundamentally children are mirror images of us. Have you ever observed your three-year-old playing with her dolls? Chances are she imitates things you tell her and what you do for her. goody your child rudely and with disrespect and she will grow up to be a spoiled brat- a smaller version of everything she picked up from you. Remember that there is such a thing as untrained discipline. But treat her with love and respect for her own humanity and individu ality, and you will have contributed to this world a humane and strong person- a cathedral in a world of condominiums.Since parenting has no course or degree to get enrolled to or a clear enumeration of its effects, Mr. Jaie Ferrer (2000), pointed out in his article, that, parents use a variety of techniques when it come to dealing with their children. These diverse styles have varied effects on children. Despite the differences, the general rule is for the parent to strike a balance between discipline and openness. The combination of both parental control (how restrictive parents are of their children) and parental warmth (the amount of affection and encouragement parents show them) greatly affects a childs personality-her social competence, concept of self, level of aggression and midlandization of moral values.In his book titled The Filipino Family by Medina T.G. According to Medina (2001), the family is a familiar topic but there is a need to step back & study it in precise & scientific lenses as personal experiences alone could be very limited & may not be representative of other families in the society. The family have certain characteristics As a social group, it is universal. It is a significant element in mans social life. Nowadays, changes in the family (e.g. from traditional structure to non-traditional structure as will be discussed later) are happening brought about by the changing economic climate & technological advancements but it has remained a basic institution.It is the first social group to which an individual is exposed. Family relationships last along & an individuals earliest & yearlong experience in living takes place in a family setting.The family affects the individuals social values, disposition, & lookout man in life. The family is thesource of the individuals ideals, aspirations, & basic motivations. The family is said to be the link between an individual & the bigger society. In this way we can say that a persons interaction & /or stead inside the family unit affects or is a determinant in how that person interacts in the community that his family belongs.Logically, from the command above, the family is understood to provide continuity of social life.It is a major agent in the transmission of culture which also affects &/or reflects the culture of the society especially the individual. LOCAL STUDIESIn the study titled Parenting Practices That benefactor Promote The Development Of Positive Social Behavior Among Preschool Children Wthin The family. by an MA Psychologist Maria Perlita Embuscao De Leon of the College of Psychology of the University of the Philippines. The research used data from fifteen 2-parent families residing in a community located in Dalandan, Valenzuela City, with at least(prenominal) two children and one of whom is between the ages 3 to 6 years. There were also certain socialization patterns within the family system that may either promote or hamper the development of the social be haviors among the preschool children.The particular focus of the research include from (1) to identify the behaviors which parents define as prosaically, to explore the parents perception about their roles, influences, and parenting practices in teaching social behavior to their preschool children, to discuss socialization patterns within the family that help promote the development of positive social behavior among preschool children and to determine ideas, options, and feelings of the preschool children in the manner by which they are being condition and taught positive social behaviors.The research utilized a classic minuets no graphic approach which allowed for a 6-month home visit. Finally, face-to-face interviews were also conducted with the parents of those families. The finding of the research suggest that the local concept that is best related to social behaviot is mabuting asal which is also an umbrella term that covers not only prosocial attitudes, but also other positiv e social bahaviors such as having love of God, having integrity, being responsible, and studying well. The parents also believe that children are by nature naive, passive, forgetful, thus their primary role in developing prosocial bavior to their childrn is to teach them proper rules of behavior, to model to their young ones what proer behaviors are, and to move them constantly of what to do and what not to do.The findings further suggest that the microystem of the home, specifically the parents own influence to their childrn, is believed to be the environment which best promotes the development of positive social behavior among young children. There were also identified elements in the microsystem of the neighborhood which both facilitat and inhibit the development of proper social conduct. In the research titled The Effect of Family size on Parenting Behavior and Child Development by Rachel Ann Rosales Parr the study pointed concerns in investigating th relationship between the varialble family size or the numvber of the members of the family and the level of development of a child living in a local setting where the family incom is on or below the mendicancy treshold. The study looked into parental bahavior as a posssible moderating variable in the relationship between family size and child development.This study shows that that a larger family could imply more children competing for parental time and resources (which are off-key to be scarce) thus adversely affecting the level of development of a child. Studies also exist suggesting a negative correlation between childrenss intelligence are not necessary at-risk for developmenta set-backs.In the study titled Family and Peer Influence on Adjustment among Chinese, Filipino and White Youth by an associate Professor named Mayumi Anne Willgerodt. The study focused on the issue of the parent adolescent relationship. Little is known about the influence of parent-adolescent relationships and peer behavior on em otional distress and risky behaviors among Asian American adolescents in particular, cross-cultural and longitudinal examinations are missing from the extant research.The quarry of the study is to test and compare a theoretic model examining the influence of family and peer factors on adolescent distress and risky behavior over time, using a nationally representative sample of Chinese, Filipino, and White adolescents. Data was utilized from Waves I (1994) and II (1995) of the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health the sample comprised 194 Chinese, 345 Filipino and 395 White adolescents and weight down to correct for design effects, yielding a nationally representative sample. Structural equation modeling was used to test the theoretic model for each ethnic group separately, followed by multiple group analyses.The result of the study gained useful and quality informations. The measurement model was examined for each ethnic group, using both un heavy and weighted samples a nd were deemed equivalent across groups. Tests of the theoretic model by ethnicity revealed that for each group, family bonds have significant negative effects on emotional distress and risky behaviors. For Filipino and White youth, peer risky behaviors influenced risky behaviors. sextuple group analyses of the theoretic model indicated that the three ethnic groups did not differ significantly from one another.Findings suggest that family bonds and peer behavior exert significant influences on psychological and behavioral outcomes in Asian American youth and that these influences appear to be similar with White adolescents. Future research should be directed towards incorporating variables known to contribute to the impact of distress and risky behaviors in model testing, and validating findings from this study.In the study title, Family resilience and Filipino Immigrant families Navigating the adolescence life-stage conducted by Jacqueline de Guzman, the study investigated the cul tural family contexts of Filipino Immigrants families and their experiences of challenges related to adolescent development. The systems theory of family resiliency served as a framework to interpret how Filipino mothers experiences and navigated these challenges.Using qualitative approach, 20 Filipino mothers of adolescents between the ages of 13-19 years were interviewed, investigating their experiences of challenges related to adolescent development and the strategies used to overcome these challenges. Discussions of these topics correspond with the systems of theory of family resilience. Overall, the implications of the study fortify the usefulness of resilience-oriented paradigm to understand how immigrant families mobilize cultural resources during difficult challenges to foster family empowerment and strengthen family relations.FOREIGN STUDIESIn the study on Rebecca Ann Branton of the Roehampton University titled How old Looking at young childrens development., This case stu dy relates to academic literacy in the following ways understand the expectations and requirements of the study of childhood (including the need to mark and apply different perspectives) recognize and articulate theoretical expectations, models and requirements and apply them to the study of childhood. Develop skills in critical listening, reading and analysis of text and data, the development of argument and the communication of text, data and analysis in pen and spoken form develop the capacity for intellectual enquiry and critical autonomy which enables students to form their own views and locate themselves within the range of perspectives and practices encountered in the study of childhood.This study tried to achieved the activities in which in doing this natural action with students, this study is trying to achieve a number of things To highlight students awareness of the parts played by social and cultural experiences, both for childrens development, and for the ways in whi ch their own values and beliefs have been influenced by their cultural backgrounds and experiences.To support students understanding that published guides to development, such as Sheridan (1997) can only give a broad indication, and may be unhelpful if, as Arnold (199934)* suggests, There can be a tendency, when considering norms to see them as outcomes to be achieved and as judgements of a particular child. To highlight the idea that childrens development is not smooth or orderly, and each child does not make progress like climbing the rungs of a ladder. To support a view of young children as competent, skilful and very complex. To focus on what young children can do rather than on what they cant. To support the first-hand experience element of the module, by promote students to focus on what they actually see rather than on norms of behaviour against which they map childrens achievements.In a recent study of Kenneth G. Langone titled A Family Systems Perspective of the Foreign St udy from the School of euphony of the New York University. This study is focused on family systems perspective which reflects a shift in our understanding of human behavior. This shift is from a search for a single cause or chain of causes within an individual resulting in a behavior, to understanding the behavior as having multiple causes. Behavior both shapes and is shaped by the context in which it occurs. Family therapists do see behavior as reflecting the individual childs internal makeup, including genetic factors.These are constantly influenced by the childs experiences in the environment and the major systems or ecology, in which he lives, (for most children the family and school). But family therapists also see childrens behavior as influencing the way that the environment responds to them, in turn influencing the childrens response. Family systems therapists believe that these patterns of mutual influence can be repetitive from generation to generation and can generalize to different settings because people tend to re-enact family patterns.Families influence their childrens development in many areas their cognitive and academic skills, speech and language ability, behavior and social competence. Families also have an opportunity to help with the additional challenges faced by children with emotional and behavioral difficulties. Family-oriented therapy, whether used as the primary treatment or in combination with other treatments, such as medication, behavioral management programs, cognitive behavior therapy, educational assistance, and other modalities, has been successful in treating a range of emotional, behavioral, academic and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Family therapy enables families to recognize how the entire family is impacted when a child has a problem.By facilitating a climate of family support and education, family therapy helps family members understand interrelated problems, communicate more effectively with ea ch other, and work cooperatively to generate strategies to help the child. In this issue of the NYU Child Study Center Letter, the authors describe a family systems perspective for understanding the interaction of mutual influences on sustaining family patterns, the contributions of nature and nurture in problem formation, and the ways in which family therapists work to rent the family as a team for problem solving.In the study titled The psychosocial adjustment of maltreated children methodological limitations and guidelines for future research by Vivian Shaw Lamphear, M.A. Several empirical studies on the impact of ill-treatment on childrens psychosocial adjustment were recently reviewed in this journal 1.Following a brief overview of the findings from that article, the present paper summarizes the methodological limitations of the studies reviewed and discusses guidelines for future research in this area. In order to advance knowledge of child maltreatment squeal, we suggest futu re studies should include the following (1) precise operational definitions of maltreatment (2) adequate verification of the absence of maltreatment in the control groups (3) identification and control of maltreatment covariates and (4) consideration of subjects age in group assignment. Future investigations should also employ more longitudinal research designs and give more attention to the treatment needs of the child.The study The impact of family and peer differentiation levels on adolescent psychosocial development and problematic behaviors by Stephen M. Gavazzi PhD, morn E. Goettler MS, Scott P. Solomon MS, Patrick C. McKenry PhD examined the impact of family differentiation and peer differentiation levels on adolescent problematic behaviors and psychosocial maturity. Differentiation levels were assessed dyadic ally in both the family and peer systems. Results revealed family differentiation to be the sole predictor of adolescent problematic behavior. extra regression analysi s indicated that peer differentiation was a significant predictor of psychosocial maturity, along with the significant impact of adolescent gender and age. Family X Peer interaction terms were not significant predictors of either adolescent personal adjustment variable. Results, which display both consistencies and variations with the findings of previous research, are discussed in terms of their clinical implications.In the study titled Perceived family Interactions and Psychosocial Development of Family Members by Olga Poljak kraban stated that differences between the parents and the adolescent daughters perception of family interactions (relating to important qualities of parenting and the family competence) in the period of childhood and adolescence, as well as their connectedness to the psychosocial development of family members (especially adolescent daughters). The research is based on Beavers (Beavers & Hampson, 1993) systems model of family functioning and Eriksons (1980) t heory of psychosocial development. The research included two-parent families of female adolescents.The main findings of the research are that daughters and their parents perceive the interactions in the family system differently. The daughters evaluations were the lowest, i.e., the most critical. All family members experienced a put away in the quality of interaction during adolescence. In terms of perceiving family interaction, the families became clearly divided on the competence continuum into two groups. Correlations between the familys competence and the level of the adolescents psychosocial development were significant, albeit not high, as were the correlations between the levels of psychosocial development of the parents and the adolescents. Keywords comprehend family interactions, parenting, family competence, psychosocial development, late adolescence.CHAPTER 3RESEARCH METHODOLOGY RESEARCH DESIGNThe descriptive research method was used in this study, particularly the norm ative instance survey. descriptive research was used in this study. Descriptive research described the Effect of the Family System to the Psychosocial Development of the 4th years students of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Laboratory High School. In this study, it involved the description, recording, analysis and interpretation of the data. This study focused on the present prevailing conditions of the program and its beneficiaries. As described by Estolas, descriptive research is one that describes or interprets What is. It reveals conditions and relationship that exist or do not exist, practices that prevail or do not prevail, beliefs or points of view or attitudes that held or are not held, processes that are going on or otherwise, effects that are being felt, or trends that are developing. Descriptive research attempts to interpret the present.Estolas added that the purpose of these designs is to describe the status of the events, people or subjects as they exist . Descriptive research usually makes from type of contrast, comparison and sometimes, in wide-awakely planned and orchestrated descriptive researches, cause and effect relationship may be established in some extent. Aquino also describes descriptive method of research as an organized attempt to analyze, interpret, and report the present status of a group. It also includes studies that seek present facts, acts, or condition or any phenomena.THE respondentSThe main respondents of the study entitled The Effect of the Family Systems to the Psychosocial Development of the adolescents. are 4th year students of the Laboratory High School Student of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Mabini Campus during the academic year 2012-2013. Sixty respondents will be chosen by the use of random try out. POPULATION AND SAMPLE sizingAs shown above, the total number of respondents was 75, with 35 Females and 35 Males.THE INSTRUMENTPolytechnic University of the PhilippinesCOLLEGE OF EDUCAT IONMabini Campus, Sta. Mesa, Manila right RespondentsWe, the third Year students of the Bachelor in Business Teacher Education Program of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines will be conducting our research entitled The Effects of Family System to the Psychosocial Development of the Senior PUP-LHS SY 2012-2013We are requesting for your cooperation for the fulfillment of this study. lie in assured that all answers should be treated with confidentiality.Researchers,POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LABORATORY HIGH SCHOOL (PUPLHS) PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTINSTRUCTION Rank each statement by checking the column according to the following5- ALWAYS 4-OFTEN 3-SOMETIMES 2-SELDOM 1-NEVER(at all times) (frequently) (occasionally) (rarely) (in no means)1. Are you close with your parents?2. Do you spend your free time with your family?3. Do you eat at the same time with your family?4. Are you close with your siblings?5. Do you have conversations during meal time with your famil y?6. Does your family provide your major expenses?7. Does your family allow you to go out with your friends8. Does your family show concern about your problems?9. Does your family provide rules about time limitations with your friends?10. Does your family set rules regarding your studies at school?11. Do you make decisions on your own?12. Have you make decisions about your career on your own?13. Do you consult your friends in decision making?14. Do you ask the liberty of your parents about your career in college?15. Do you ask the view of your parent in terms of choosing your friends?16. Do you spend more time with your friends rather than your family?17. Do you want to spend more time at school rather than at home?18. Do you discuss your problems with your family?19. Do you consult your physical changes to your friends?20. Do you spend leisure time with your friends? (hang-out, watch movies, play sports, malling,)21. Do you spend lunch breaks with your friends?22. Do you ask your friends for help in school works?23. Do you share secrets with your friends?24. Do you have conversation about school matters with your family?25. Do you have conversation about personal and emotional matters with your friends?26. Do spend academic group works with your friends?27. Do you enter the same Academic Clubs with your friends?28. Do you prefer the same type of clothing of you friends?29. Do you hang out friends with the same gender?30. Do have common traits with your friends?31. Do you have the same language/dialect with your friends?32. Does your being culturally aware equips you to reach out to the families of your friends?33. Does understanding your own cultural identity helps you in establishing identity?34. Do you hang-out with people who are from cultures that are different from yours?35. Does your understanding of your own culture shapes your sense of who you are, as well as your place in home, school, and society?36. Do you prefer spending time with girls?37. Do yo u prefer spending time with boys?38. Do you like fashion for teenage women?39. Do you like doing household chores?40. Are you interested in cosmetology?41. Do you like playing sports?42. Do you like playing online games? (Dota, RAN Online and the like)43. Do you spend time chatting with your friends online?44. Are you interested in mens fashion clothing?45. Are you interested in industrial arts? (Electricity, woodwind instrument working, Automotive, etc.)46. Do you belong to a certain group? (Circle of friends, group organizations, community organizations, etc.)47. Do you do the same thing what your groups are doing?48. In decision making, do you consider your group/circle of friends?49. Do you share your important secrets to your group?50. Do you go to recreation areas with your friends?DATA-GATHERING PROCEDURESThrough the use of the questionnaire, the data were drawn from 60 number 4th year students of the Polytechnic University of the Philippines Laboratory High School. The resea rchers set an appointment with the students as to the date, time, and place of the survey. Each was asked to answer the list of questions. This research, in order to obtain the desired results in relation to the objective it aims to accomplish, employed the normative-survey method which standards in this study are established in determining quality data. The facts obtained were subjected for careful classification and thorough analysis and interpretations. The data for this research were collected using a survey questionnaire. The survey was created using suitable questions modified from related research and individual questions formed by the researcher. The survey was comprised of 55 questions, which were related to the variables studied.The questionnaire was made with great care by the researcher and was drafted by the writers with the able assistance of their lead researcher who gave valuable help and suggestions for the quality of the survey. later on the formulation of the que stionnaire, the schedule and the distribution of the devise was acted upon. After the professor validated the questionnaire, these were distributed to the 4th year students of PUPLH Manila.The researchers understood that peoples consciousness may also affect their honesty and effectiveness in answering the survey, and so, the researchers gave people the option of being anonymous. Participants were given time to respond and then the researchers collected the surveys. In able for the researchers to secure reliable data and facts for the study from the respondents who could understand the questions, the researcher availed the schedule which is a set of questions asked and filled by the researchers in a face to face situation. In addition, the researcher guided the students who had difficulties in understanding the questionnaire in able for the fact and data record were pertinent in the development of the study After all of the required number of questionnaires was answered, the resear chers tabulated the data according to their profiles. A tabulation sheet was then used in order for a more opinionated and organized tabulation. STATISTICAL TREATMENTAfter all of the desires respondents had finished answering the questionnaire made a tally of the total number of boy and girl included. The group used Stratified Random Sampling. In this sampling technique, the group got random samples in a population which was composed of several 4th year high school students in PUP Laboratory High school. From each of these sections, the sample size was drawn pro rata by 60 students.The variables given and questions were computed to identify its rank through the number of questions given. The equation used in computing the rank of the variable is as followsIn getting the sample size, the group used the fuzzs formula which is, n= number of high school students in PUP Laboratory High school, N stands for the whole population of the 4th year High school students of PUP Laboratory High school who were enrolled in school year 2012-2013.