European Mens Handball Championship Essay Example for Free

European Mens Hand puffiness claim EssayHANDBALL ( as well cognise as team up hand junky, Olympic handball or European handball) is a team sportswoman in which 2 teams of seven players each (six bring out stadium players and a goalkeeper) pass a ball to micturate it into the goal of the early(a) team. The team with the most goals subsequently two periods of 30 legal proceedingclarification needed wins. Modern handball is ordinarily played indoors, but outdoor variants exist in the forms of field handball and Czech handball (which were more green in the past) and beach handball (also cal lead sandball). Ameri potbelly handball and Gaelic handball argon completely different sports to team handball.The bouncy is quite fast and includes body conform to as the defenders try to stop the oertureers from approaching the goal. conform to is angiotensin converting enzyme allowed when the defensive player is completely in front of the offensive player, i.e. among the offensive player and the goal. This is refer ruby-red to as a player sandwich. Any contact from the positioning or especially from behind is considered wicked and is normally met with penalties. When a defender successfully stops an struggle player, the play is stopped and restarted by the attacking team from the spot of the infraction or on the nine meter line. Un same in basketball where players are allowed to commit save 5 fouls in a game (6 in the NBA), handball players are allowed an unlimited add together of faults, which are considered good defence and disruptive to the attacking teams rhythm.Goals are scored quite frequently usually both teams score at least 20 goals each, and it is not uncommon for both teams to score more than 30 goals. This was not true in the early history of the game, when the scores were more akin to that of ice hockeyclarification needed. But, as offensive play has improved since the late 1980s, particularly the use of counterattacks (fast brea ks) after a failed attack from the early(a) team, goal scoring has increased. Origins and develop workforcetThere are records of handball-like games in medieval France, and among the Inuit in Greenland, in the Middle Ages. By the 19th century, there existed exchangeable games of hndbold from Den hit, hzen in the Czech Republic, hdzan in Slovakia, gandbol in Ukraine, torball in Germany, as well as versions in Uruguay. The team handball game of today was formed by the end of the 19th century in northern Europe, primarily Denmark, Germany, Norway and Sweden. Holger Nielsen, a Danish gym teacher, drew up the rules for mod handball (hndbold) in 1898 and published them in 1906, and Rasmus Nicolai Ernst, another Danish teacher, did nearthing similar in 1897. Modern Handball is therefore widely considered a game of Danish origins.Another luck of team Handball rules was published on 29 October 1917 by Max Heiser, Karl Schelenz, and Erich Konigh from Germany. After 1919 these rules were improved by Karl Schelenz. The first inter study games were played under these rules, between Germany and Belgium for men in 1925 and between Germany and Austria for women in 1930.In 1926, the Congress of the International Amateur Athletics Federation nominated a committee to draw up global rules for field handball. The International Amateur Handball Federation was formed in 1928, and the International Handball Federation was formed in 1946. Mens field handball was played at the 1936 spend Olympics in Berlin. During the next several decades, indoor handball flourished and evolved in the Scandinavian countries.The sport re-emerged onto the world stage as team handball for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich. Womens team handball was added at the 1976 Summer Olympics. Due to its popularity in the region, the Eastern European countries that refined the event became the dominant force in the sport when it was reintroduced. The International Handball Federation unionized the mens world claim in 1938 and every 4 (sometimes 3) years from World War II to 1995. Since the 1995 world financial backing in Iceland, the competition has been every two years. The womens world championship has been played since 1957. The IHF also organizes womens and mens junior world championships. By July 2009, the IHF listed 166 member federations approximately 795,000 teams and 19 million players. RulesUnless otherwise noted, the rules described are the official international rules1 provided by the International Handball Federation (IHF). SummaryThe handball play field is similar to an indoor soccer field. Two teams of seven players (six field players plus one goalkeeper) take the field and attempt to score points by putting the game ball into the opponent teams goal. In handling the ball, players are subject to the sideline restrictions After receiving the ball, players can only(prenominal) hold the ball for triple seconds in the lead handout, dribbling (similar to a basketbal l dribble), or pip. After receiving the ball, players can take up to ternion stepswithout dribbling. If players dribble, they may take an additional trine steps. Players that stop dribbling have three seconds to pass or shoot. They may take three additional steps during this time. No players other than the defending goalkeeper are allowed within the goal line (within 6 meters of the goal). Goalkeepers are allowed outside this line. edit Playing fieldHandball is played on a act 40 by 20 metres (130 66 ft), with a goal in the center of each end. The goals are surrounded by a near-semicircular athletic field, called the govern or the crease, defined by a line six meters from the goal. A dashed near-semicircular line nine meters from the goal marks the free-throw line. Each line on the court is part of the area it encompasses. This implies that the middle line belongs to both halves at the same time. GoalsEach goal has a rectangular clearance area of three meters in the width an d two meters in the height. It are be securely bolted either to the floor or the wall behind. The goal posts and the crossbar are be make out of the same material (e.g. wood or aluminium) and feature a quadratic cross section with a side of 8 cm (3 inches). The three sides of the beams visible from the performing field are be painted alternatingly in two contrasting colors which both have to contrast against the background. The colors on both goals are the same. Each goal has to feature a last(a). This are be fastened in such(prenominal) a way that a ball thrown into does not leave or pass the goal under normal circumstances. If necessary, a second net may be clasped to the back of the net on the inside. Goal perimeterThe goals are surrounded by the crease. This area is delimited by two quarter circles with a radius of six meters about the far corners of each goal post and a connecting line parallel to the goal line. Only the defending goalkeeper is allowed inside this perimeter . However, the court players may centering and touch the ball in the air within it as long as the player starts his jump outside the zone and releases the ball before he lands (landing inside the perimeter is allowed in this case). If a player contacts the ground inside the goal perimeter he are take the most direct alley out of it.However, should a player cross the zone in an attempt to gain an advantage (e.g. better coiffure) his team cedes the ball. Similarly, violation of the zone by a defending player is only penalized if he does so to gain an advantage in defending. Substitution areaOutside of one long edge of the playing field to both sides of the middle line are the substitution areas for each team. The areas usually contain the benches as seating opportunities. Team officials, substitutes and suspended players are time lag within this area. The area always lies to the same side as the teams own goal. During half(prenominal)-time substitution areas are swapped. Any play er entering or deviation the play are cross the substitution line which is part of the side line and extends 4.5 meters from the middle line to the teams side. DurationTeam timeout.A standard fit out for all teams of 16 and older has two periods of 30 transactions with a 15 minute half-time. Teams switch sides of the court at halftime, as well as benches. For youths the game duration is 2 x 25 minutes at ages 12 to 16.2 x 20 minutes at ages 8 to 12.However, national federations of some countries may differ in their implementation from the official guidelines. If a decision are be reached in a particular match (e.g. in a tournament) and it ends in a draw after regular time, there are at maximum two overtimes of 2 x 5 minutes with a 1 minute break each. Should these not decide the game either, the winning team is determined in a penalisation shootout (best-of-5 rounds if quiet down tied, extra rounds afterwards until won by one team). The referees may call timeout according to th eir sole discretion, typical reasons are injuries, suspensions or court cleaning. Penalty throws should only trigger a timeout for lengthy delays as a change of the goalkeeper. Each team may call one team timeout (TTO) per period which lasts one minute. This ripe(p) may only be invoked by team in ball possession. To do so, the representative of the team lays a green card marked by black T on the desk of the timekeeper. The timekeeper then immediately interrupts the game by sounding an acousticsignal and stops the time. RefereesA Handball match is led by two equal referees.Namely the goal line referee and the court referee. few national bodies allow games with only a single referee in special cases like illness on short notice. Should the referees disagree on any occasion, a decision is made on mutual agreement during a short timeout, or, in case of punishments, the more severe of the two comes into effect. The referees are obliged to make their decisions on the basis of their obse rvations of facts.2 Their judgements are final and can only be appealed against if not in compliance with the rules.The referees (blue shirts) keep both teams between them.The referees jell themselves in such a way that the team players are hold in between them. They stand diagonally aligned so that each can observe one side line. Depending on their positions one is called field referee and the other goal referee. These positions automatically switch on ball turnover. They physically exchange their positions approximately every 10 minutes (long exchange) and change sides every 5 minutes (short exchange). The IHF defines 18 hand signals for quick visual communication with players and officials.The signal for warning or disqualification is accompanied by a yellow or red card, 3 respectively. The referees also use whistle blows to indicate infractions or restart the play. The referees are supported by a scorekeeper and a timekeeper who attend to formal things like keeping track of go als and suspensions or starting and stopping the clock, respectively. They also have an eye on the benches and notify the referees on substitution errors. Their desk is located in between both substitutions areas. Team players, substitutes and officialsEach team consists of 7 players on court and up to 7 substitute players on the bench. whiz player on the court are be the designated goalkeeper differing in his or her clothing from the rest of the field players. Substitution of players can be done in any number and at any time during game play. An exchange takes place over the substitution line. A prior notification of the referees is not necessary. Some national bodies as the Deutscher Handball Bund (DHB, German Handball Federation) allow substitution in junior teams only when in ball possession or during timeouts. This restriction is intended to prevent early specialization of players to offense or defending team. Field playersField players are allowed to touch the ball with any part of their bodies above and including the knee. As in several other team sports, a distinction is made between catching and dribbling. A player who is in possession of the ball may stand stationary for only three seconds and may only take three steps. They are then either shoot, pass or dribble the ball. At any time taking more than three steps is considered travelling and results in a turnover. A player may dribble as many times as he wants (though since passing is faster it is the preferred method of attack) as long as during each dribble his hand contacts only the top of the ball.Therefore basketball-style carrying is completely prohibited, and results in a turnover. After the dribble is picked up, the player has the right to another three seconds or three steps. The ball are then be passed or shot as further retentivity or dribbling will result in a forficate dribble turnover and a free throw for the other team. Other offensive infractions that result in a turnover include , charging, setting an illegal screen, or carrying the ball into the six meter zone. edit GoalkeeperOnly the goalkeeper is allowed to move freely within the goal perimeter, although he may not cross the goal perimeter line while carrying or dribbling the ball. in spite of appearance the zone, he is allowed to touch the ball with all parts of his body including his feet. The goalkeeper may participate in the normal play of his team mates. As he is then considered as normal field player, he is typically substituted for a regular field player if his team uses this scheme to outnumber the defending players.As this player becomes the designated goalkeeper on the court, he are wear some vest or bib to identify himself as such. If the goalkeeper deflects the ball over the outmost goal line, his team stays in possession of the ball in contrast to other sports like backsideball. The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from within the zone (goalkeeper throw). Passing to your own goalk eeper results in a turnover. Throwing the ball against the head of the goalkeeper when he is not moving is to be penalise by disqualification (red card). TeamofficialsEach team is allowed to have a maximum of four team officials seated on the benches. An official is anybody who is neither player nor substitute. One official are be the designated representative who is usually the team manager. The representative may call team timeout once every period and may get over scorekeeper, timekeeper and referees. Other officials typically include physicians or managers. Neither official is allowed to enter the playing court without permission of the referees. BallA size trey handball.The ball is spherical and are either be made of leather or a synthetic material. It is not allowed to have a shiny or slippery surface. As it is intended to be operated by a single hand, the official sizes vary depending on age and gender of the participating teams. Size rosin product used to improve ball han dling.Though not officially regulated, the ball is usually resinated. The resin improves the ability of the players to manipulate the ball with a single hand like spinning trick shots. Some indoor arenas prohibit the usage ofresin since many products leave sticky stains on the floor. Awarded throwsThe referees may exhibit a special throw to a team. This usually happens after certain events like scored goals, off-court balls, turnovers, timeouts, etc. All of these special throws require the thrower to obtain a certain position and pose restrictions on the positions of all other players. Sometimes the execution are wait for a whistle blow by the referee. Throw-offA throw-off takes place from the center of the court. The thrower are touch the middle line with one foot and all of the other players are be in the half of their team. The defending players are keep a distance of at least three meters to the thrower. A throw-off occurs at the begin of each period and after the opposing team scored a goal. It are be cleared by the referees. Modern Handball introduced the fast throw-off concept, i. e. the play will be immediately restarted by the referees as presently as the executing team fulfilles its requirements. Many teams leverage this rule to score easy goals before the opposition has time to form a stable defense line. Throw-inThe team which did not touch the ball last is awarded a throw-in when the ball fully crosses the side line or touches the ceiling. If the ball crosses the outer(a) goal line, a throw-in is only awarded if the defending field players touched the balls last. Execution requires the thrower to place one foot on the nearest outer line to the cause. All defending players are keep a distance of three meters. However, they are allowed to stand immediately outside their own goal area even when the distance is less. Goalkeeper-throwIf ball crosses the outer goal line without interference from the defending team or when deflected by their goalkeeper , a goalkeeper-throw is awarded to the defending team. This is the most common turnover. The goalkeeper resumes the play with a throw from anywhere within his goal area. Free-throwA free-throw restarts the play after an interruption by the referees. It takes places from the spot where the interruption was caused as long as thisspot is outside of the free-throw line of the opposing team. In the last mentioned case the throw is deferred to the nearest spot on the free-throw line. Free-throws are the akin to free-kicks in association football. The thrower may take a direct attempt for a goal which is, however, not feasible if the defending team organized a defense.A 7-meter throw.7-meter throwA 7-meter throw is awarded when a clear chance of scoring is illegally prevented anywhere on the court by a opposing team player, official or spectator. It is also awarded when the referees interrupted a legitimate scoring chance for any reason. The thrower steps with one foot behind the 7-meter line with only the defending goalkeeper between him and the goal. The goalkeeper are keep a distance of three meters which is marked by a short tick on the floor. All other players are re primary(prenominal) behind the free-throw line until execution. The thrower are await the whistle blow of the referee. A 7-meter throw is the equivalent to a penalty kick in association football, it is, however, far more common and typically occurs several times in a single game. PenaltiesYellow card shown in a handball match.Penalties are given to players, in progressive format, for fouls that require more punishment than just a free-throw. Actions say mainly at the opponent and not the ball (such as reaching around, holding, pushing, hitting, tripping, or jumping into opponent) as well as contact from the side or from behind a player are all considered illegal and subject to penalty. Any infraction that prevents a clear scoring opportunity, will result in a seven-meter penalty shot.Typically th e referee will give a warning yellow card for an illegal action, but if the contact was particularly dangerous the referee can forego the warning for an immediate two-minute suspension. A player can only get one warning before receiving a two minute suspension. One player is only permitted two 2-minute suspensions third time he/she will be shown the red card. A red card results in an ejection from the game and a two minute penalty for the team. A player may receive a red card directly for particularly rough penalties.For instance any contact from behind during a fast break is now being treated with a red card. A red carded player has to leave the playing area completely. A player who is disqualified may be substituted with another player after the two minute penalty is served. A Coach/Official can also be penalized progressively. Any coach/official who receives a 2-minute suspension will have to pull out one of his players for two minutes note the player is not the one punished and can be substituted in again, because the main penalty is the team playing with a man less than the other. After having lost the ball during an attack, the ball has to be laid down quickly or else the player not pursual this rule will face a 2-minute suspension.Also gesticulating or verbally questioning the referees order, as well as arguing with the officials decisions, will normally result in a 2-minute suspension. If it is done in a very provocative way, a player can be given a double 2-minute suspension if he/she does not walk straight off the field to the bench after being given a suspension, or if the referee deems the pace deliberately slow. Illegal substitution, any substitution that does not take place in the specified substitution area or where the entering player enters before the exiting player exits is also punishable with a 2 minute suspension. GameplayFormationsPositions of attacking (red) and defending players (blue), in a 5-1 defense formation. (German captions) P layers are typically referred to by the position they are playing. The positions are always denoted from the view of the respective goalkeeper, so that a defender on the right opposes an attacker on the left. However, not all of the following positions may be occupied depending on the formation or potential suspensions. OffenseLeft and right wingman. These typically excel at ball chasteness and wide jumps from the outside of the goal perimeter to get into a better shooting angle at the goal. Teams usually try to occupy the left position with a right-handed player and vice versa. Left and right backcourt. Goal attempts by these players are typically made by jumping high and shooting over the defenders. Thus, it is usually advantageous to have tall players for these positions. Center backcourt. A player with experience is preferred on this position who acts as playmaker and the handball equivalent of a basketball point guard. Pivot (left and right, if applicable). This player tends t o intermingle with the defense, setting picks and attempting to disrupt the defense formation. This positions requires the least jumping skills but ball control and physical energy are an advantage. DefenseFar left and far right. The opponents of the wingmen.Half left and half right. The opponents of the left and right backcourts. Back center (left and right). obstructor of the pivot.Front center. Opponent of the center backcourt, may also be set against another specific backcourt player. Offensive playAttacks are played with all field players on the side of the defenders. Depending on the speed of the attack, one distinguishes between three attack waves with a decreasing chance of successWomens Handball a jump shot completes a fastbreak.Mens Handball a jump shot (Kiril Lazarov, world record-holder for the number of goals scored in one World Championship) . archetypical Wave First wave attacks are characterized by the absence of defending players around their goal perimeter. T he chance of success is very high, as the throwing player is unhindered in his scoring attempt. Such attacks typically occur after an intercepted pass or a steal and if the defending team can switch fast to offense. The far left/far right will usually try to run the attack as they are not as tightly bound in the defense. On a turnover, they immediately sprint off and receive the ball halfway to the other goal. Thus, these positions are commonly held by quick players.citation needed endorsement WaveIf the first wave is not successful and some defending players gained their positions around the zone, the second wave comes into play The remaining players advance with quick passes to locally outnumber the retreating defenders. If one player manages to step up to the perimeter or catches the ball at this spot he becomes unstoppable by legal defensive means. From this position the chance of success is naturally very high. Second wave attacks became much more important with the fast thro w-off rule.citation needed Third WaveThe time during which the second wave may be successful is very short, as then the defenders closed the gaps around the zone. In the third wave, the attackers use standardized attack patterns usually involving crossing and passing between the back court players who either try to pass the ball through a gap to their pivot, take a jumping shot from the backcourt at the goal, or lure the defense away from a wingman.citation needed The third wave evolves into the normal offensive play when all defenders reach not only the zone but gain their accustomed positions. Some teams then substitute specialized offense players. However, this implies that these players are play in the defense should the opposing team be able to switch quickly to offense.The latter is another benefit for fast playing teams.citation needed If the attacking team does not make sufficient progress (eventually releasing a shot on goal), the referees can call passive play (since about 1995, the referee gives a passive warning some time before the actual call by holding one hand up in the air, signaling that the attacking team should release a shot soon), turning control over to the other team.A shot on goal or an infringement leading to a yellow card or two minute penalty will mark the start of a new attack, causing the hand to be taken down, but a shot blocked by the defense or a normal free throw will not. If it were not for this rule, it would be easy for an attacking team to stall the game indefinitely, as it is difficult to intercept a pass without at the same time conceding dangerous openings towards the goal.citation needed edit Defensive playThe usual formations of the defense are 6-0, when all the defense players line up between the 6 meter and 9 meter lines to form a wall the 5-1, when one of the players cruises outside the 9 meter perimeter, usually targeting the center transport while the other 5 line up on the six meter line and the lesser common 4 -2 when there are two such defenders out front. Very fast teams will also try a 3-3 formation which is close to a switching man-to-man style. The formations vary greatly from plain to country and reflect eachcountrys style of play. 6-0 is sometimes known as flat defense, and all other formations are usually called offensive defense.citation needed OrganizationHandball teams are usually organized as clubs. On a national level, the clubs are associated in federations which organize matches in leagues and tournaments. International bodiesThe administrative and controlling body for international Handball is the International Handball Federation (IHF). The federation organizes world championships, separate for men and women, held in uneven years.4 The final round is hosted in one of its member states. Current title of respect holders are France (men)5 and Russia (women).6 The IHF is composed of five continental federations which organize continental championships held every other secon d year. In addition to these competitions between national teams, the federations arrange international tournaments between club teams.7 The federations and their corresponding tournaments and members are summarized in the following table International Handball Federation (IHF)ChampionshipWorld Mens Handball Championship World Womens Handball Championship associationSuper GlobeMembersAsia Asian Handball Federation (AHF)ChampionshipAsian Womens Handball Championship Asian Mens Handball ChampionshipClubAsian Club unify Handball ChampionshipMembersAfghanistan Bahrain Bangladesh china Chinese Taipei Hong Kong India Iran Iraq Japan Jordan Kazakhstan Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lebanon Macau Malaysia Mongolia Nepal North Korea Oman Pakistan Palestinian Authority Philippines Qatar Saudi Arabia South Korea Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam YemenAfrica Confdration Africaine de Handball (CAHB)ChampionshipAfrican Handba ll Nations ChampionshipClubChampions union Cup Winners CupMembersAlgeria Angola Burundi Benin Cameroon Republic of Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo capital of Djibouti Egypt Ethiopia Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Niger Rwanda Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia ZimbabwePan-America Pan-American Team Handball Federation (PATHF)ChampionshipAmerican Handball ChampionshipMembersArgentina Barbados Brazil Canada Chile Colombia rib Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Greenland Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Puerto Rico Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay VenezuelaOceania Oceania Handball Federation (OHF)ChampionshipOceania Handball Nations Cup ClubOceania Champions CupMembersAustralia Cook Islands bracing Zealand Samoa Vanuatu French Polynesia New Caledonia Wallis and FutunaEurope European Handball Federation (EHF)ChampionshipEuropean Womens Handball Championship European Mens Handball ChampionshipClubWomenChampions League Cup Winners Cup EHF Cup quarrel Cup Champions TrophyMenChampions League Cup Winners Cup EHF Cup Challenge Cup Champions TrophyMembersAlbania Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark England Estonia Faroe Islands Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Israel Italy Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania capital of Luxembourg Macedonia Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Scotland Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Great Britain Kosovo Handball is an olympic sport played during t he Summer Olympics.8 It is also played during the Pan American Games,9 All-Africa Games,10 and Asian Games.8National competitionsBosnia and Herzegovina Handball Championship of Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Croatian First League of HandballCzech Zubr extraligaDenmark GuldBageren Ligaen, Jack Jones LigaenFrance Ligue Nationale de HandballGermany Handball-BundesligaGreece Greek Mens handball championshipHungary Nemzeti Bajnoksg I (men), Nemzeti Bajnoksg I (women) Iceland N1 deildinMontenegro First League (men), First League (women), Second League (women) Poland Polish Ekstraklasa Mens Handball League, Polish Ekstraklasa Womens Handball League Portugal Liga Portuguesa de Andebol, Diviso de EliteRomania Liga Naional (men), Liga Naional (women)Scotland Scottish Handball LeagueSerbia Serbian First League of HandballSlovakia Slovensk hadzanrska extraligaSlovenia Slovenian First League of Handball, Handball Cup of Slovenia Spain Liga ASOBAL, Divisin de Plata de BalonmanoSweden Elitserien Turkey Turkish Handball Super LeagueUnited States U.S. intercollegiate handball championshipsCommemorative coinsHandball commemorative coinHandball events have been selected as a main motif in numerous collectors coins. One of the recent samples is the 10 Greek Handball commemorative coin, minted in 2003 to commemorate the 2004 Summer Olympics. On the coin, the modern athlete directs the ball in his hands towards his target, while in the background the ancient athlete is just about to throw a ball, in a game known as cheirosphaira, in a representation taken from a black-figure pottery vase of the Archaic period. References http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team_handball